King James Version

What Does Psalms 22:16 Mean?

Psalms 22:16 in the King James Version says “For dogs have compassed me: the assembly of the wicked have inclosed me: they pierced my hands and my feet. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 22 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

For dogs have compassed me: the assembly of the wicked have inclosed me: they pierced my hands and my feet.

Psalms 22:16 · KJV


Context

14

I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint: my heart is like wax; it is melted in the midst of my bowels. out of: or, sundered

15

My strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth to my jaws; and thou hast brought me into the dust of death.

16

For dogs have compassed me: the assembly of the wicked have inclosed me: they pierced my hands and my feet.

17

I may tell all my bones: they look and stare upon me.

18

They part my garments among them, and cast lots upon my vesture.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This verse provides one of the Old Testament's most striking prophecies of crucifixion. The Hebrew כָּאֲרִי (ka'ari) can be translated "like a lion" or, with slight vowel pointing, "they pierced" (כָּרוּ/karu). The Septuagint translated it as "pierced" (ὤρυξαν/ōryxan), supporting messianic interpretation. The piercing of hands and feet precisely describes Roman crucifixion—a execution method unknown in David's time but horrifyingly fulfilled in Christ. "Dogs" (כְּלָבִים/kelabim) was Jewish slang for Gentiles, prophetically pointing to Roman executioners. The "assembly of the wicked" (עֲדַת מְרֵעִים/'adat mere'im) suggests organized opposition, fulfilled in the Sanhedrin's collaboration with Roman authority. The imagery of being "compassed" and "enclosed" depicts complete entrapment with no human escape.

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Historical & Cultural Context

David wrote from personal experience of enemies seeking his life, yet the details transcend his historical situation. Crucifixion was unknown to Israel until Rome introduced it centuries later. By the first century, Jews recognized Psalm 22 as messianic prophecy. The Septuagint's translation to "pierced" (likely 3rd-2nd century BC) predates Christ, showing early Jewish understanding of this as future prophecy rather than merely David's lament. Early Christians saw Jesus's crucifixion as literal fulfillment of details David couldn't have fabricated from personal experience.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the prophetic precision of details like pierced hands and feet strengthen confidence in Scripture's divine inspiration?
  2. What does the imagery of being surrounded by enemies reveal about the spiritual warfare behind Christ's crucifixion?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
כִּ֥י1 of 9
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

סְבָב֗וּנִי2 of 9

have compassed

H5437

to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively

כְּלָ֫בִ֥ים3 of 9

For dogs

H3611

a dog; hence (by euphemism) a male prostitute

עֲדַ֣ת4 of 9

me the assembly

H5712

a stated assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family or crowd)

מְ֭רֵעִים5 of 9

of the wicked

H7489

properly, to spoil (literally, by breaking to pieces); figuratively, to make (or be) good for nothing, i.e., bad (physically, socially or morally)

הִקִּיפ֑וּנִי6 of 9

have inclosed

H5362

to strike with more or less violence (beat, fell, corrode); by implication (of attack) to knock together, i.e., surround or circulate

כָּ֝אֲרִ֗י7 of 9

me they pierced

H3738

properly, to dig; figuratively, to plot; generally, to bore or open

יָדַ֥י8 of 9

my hands

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

וְרַגְלָֽי׃9 of 9

and my feet

H7272

a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 22:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 22:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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