King James Version

What Does Psalms 139:2 Mean?

Psalms 139:2 in the King James Version says “Thou knowest my downsitting and mine uprising, thou understandest my thought afar off. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 139 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Thou knowest my downsitting and mine uprising, thou understandest my thought afar off.

Psalms 139:2 · KJV


Context

1

To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. O LORD, thou hast searched me, and known me.

2

Thou knowest my downsitting and mine uprising, thou understandest my thought afar off.

3

Thou compassest my path and my lying down, and art acquainted with all my ways. compassest: or, winnowest

4

For there is not a word in my tongue, but, lo, O LORD, thou knowest it altogether.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Thou knowest my downsitting and mine uprising, thou understandest my thought afar off—God's omniscience extends to the mundane rhythm of daily life: sitting down and standing up, the bookends of every human activity. The Hebrew binah (בִּינָה, 'understandest') suggests discernment of what lies beneath the surface. God perceives our thoughts while they're still 'afar off'—before they fully form, while still inchoate desires and half-formed intentions.

No moment is too trivial for divine attention, no thought too fleeting to escape God's notice. This verse demolishes the false dichotomy between 'sacred' and 'secular'—all of life unfolds under the watchful eye of Him who numbers our hairs (Matthew 10:30). The God who governs galaxies attends to whether you sit or stand.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern religions often portrayed gods as distant, capricious beings requiring elaborate rituals to gain their attention. David's portrayal of YHWH as intimately aware of mundane human actions was radically counter-cultural, emphasizing the covenant God's personal involvement with His people.

Reflection Questions

  1. How would your daily routine change if you lived consciously aware that God knows your every sitting and rising?
  2. What 'afar off' thoughts—barely-formed desires or intentions—might God be discerning in you right now?
  3. Do you compartmentalize your life into 'spiritual' and 'ordinary' moments, forgetting that all moments are known to God?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
אַתָּ֣ה1 of 7
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

יָ֭דַעְתָּ2 of 7

Thou knowest

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

שִׁבְתִּ֣י3 of 7

my downsitting

H3427

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

וְקוּמִ֑י4 of 7

and mine uprising

H6965

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

בַּ֥נְתָּה5 of 7

thou understandest

H995

to separate mentally (or distinguish), i.e., (generally) understand

לְ֝רֵעִ֗י6 of 7

my thought

H7454

a thought (as association of ideas)

מֵרָחֽוֹק׃7 of 7

afar off

H7350

remote, literally or figuratively, of place or time; specifically, precious; often used adverbially (with preposition)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 139:2 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 139:2 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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