King James Version

What Does Psalms 119:158 Mean?

Psalms 119:158 in the King James Version says “I beheld the transgressors, and was grieved; because they kept not thy word. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 119 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

I beheld the transgressors, and was grieved; because they kept not thy word.

Psalms 119:158 · KJV


Context

156

Great are thy tender mercies, O LORD: quicken me according to thy judgments. Great: or, Many

157

Many are my persecutors and mine enemies; yet do I not decline from thy testimonies.

158

I beheld the transgressors, and was grieved; because they kept not thy word.

159

Consider how I love thy precepts: quicken me, O LORD, according to thy lovingkindness.

160

Thy word is true from the beginning: and every one of thy righteous judgments endureth for ever. Thy word: Heb. The beginning of thy word is true


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
I beheld the transgressors, and was grieved (רָאִיתִי בֹגְדִים וָאֶתְקוֹטָטָה, ra'iti bogdim va'etqotatah)—Bogdim are 'traitors, treacherous ones,' from bagad (betray covenant). Qut means 'feel disgust, loathe, be grieved.' The psalmist's response isn't self-righteousness but holy grief at covenant-breaking: because they kept not thy word (אֲשֶׁר אִמְרָתְךָ לֹא שָׁמָרוּ, asher imratekha lo shamaru). Shamar (keep, guard, observe) is precisely what bogdim refuse.

Paul echoes this in Philippians 3:18: 'Many walk...enemies of the cross of Christ...I tell you even weeping.' Grief over others' sin marks spiritual maturity, not judgmentalism.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The term bogdim often denotes apostate Israelites rather than pagan outsiders (Jeremiah 3:8; Malachi 2:10-16). The psalmist grieves over covenant members who abandon God's Word—a recurring tragedy from the golden calf to Judas. His holy sorrow mirrors God's own grief over faithless Israel (Hosea 11:8).

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you cultivate grief over sin (yours and others') rather than self-righteous judgment or indifferent tolerance?
  2. What's the difference between the world's offense at moral failure and the believer's grief over covenant-betrayal?
  3. How does Jesus's weeping over Jerusalem (Luke 19:41) model the psalmist's response to transgressors?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
רָאִ֣יתִי1 of 7

I beheld

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

בֹ֭גְדִים2 of 7

the transgressors

H898

to cover (with a garment); figuratively, to act covertly; by implication, to pillage

וָֽאֶתְקוֹטָ֑טָה3 of 7

and was grieved

H6962

properly, to cut off, i.e., (figuratively) detest

אֲשֶׁ֥ר4 of 7
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

אִ֝מְרָתְךָ֗5 of 7

not thy word

H565

an utterance

לֹ֣א6 of 7
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

שָׁמָֽרוּ׃7 of 7

because they kept

H8104

properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 119:158 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 119:158 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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