King James Version

What Does Proverbs 31:9 Mean?

Proverbs 31:9 in the King James Version says “Open thy mouth, judge righteously, and plead the cause of the poor and needy. — study this verse from Proverbs chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Open thy mouth, judge righteously, and plead the cause of the poor and needy.

Proverbs 31:9 · KJV


Context

7

Let him drink, and forget his poverty, and remember his misery no more.

8

Open thy mouth for the dumb in the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction. such: Heb. the sons of destruction

9

Open thy mouth, judge righteously, and plead the cause of the poor and needy.

10

Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies.

11

The heart of her husband doth safely trust in her, so that he shall have no need of spoil.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Judge righteously—The Hebrew tzedek (צֶדֶק, righteousness/justice) demands covenant faithfulness in legal matters. Plead the cause of the poor and needy uses din (דִּין, to judge/vindicate) and specifies ani (עָנִי, afflicted/poor) and evyon (אֶבְיוֹן, needy). This parallelism emphasizes both right judgment and active defense of the economically vulnerable.

This verse concludes King Lemuel's mother's instruction before the eshet chayil poem. The noble character described in verses 10-31 is rooted in justice—economic skill without compassion for the poor perverts wisdom. James 2:1-9 echoes this: faith demonstrated through impartial justice. Christ the King exemplifies perfect advocacy, judging righteously and pleading our cause before the Father (1 John 2:1).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Israelite judges held court at the city gate where elders heard cases. The poor often lacked resources to navigate legal processes, making righteous judges essential. Corruption was endemic (Amos 5:12), so Lemuel's instruction countered royal temptation to favor the wealthy.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does your influence—in business, church, or community—advance justice for those with no voice?
  2. What systems of injustice might you be unknowingly benefiting from, and how can you 'plead the cause' of those harmed?
  3. How does Christ's advocacy for us (our defense attorney before God) motivate advocacy for others?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
פְּתַח1 of 7

Open

H6605

to open wide (literally or figuratively); specifically, to loosen, begin, plough, carve

פִּ֥יךָ2 of 7

thy mouth

H6310

the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with prepos

שְׁפָט3 of 7

judge

H8199

to judge, i.e., pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literal

צֶ֑דֶק4 of 7

righteously

H6664

the right (natural, moral or legal); also (abstractly) equity or (figuratively) prosperity

וְ֝דִ֗ין5 of 7

and plead

H1777

to rule; by implication to judge (as umpire); also to strive (as at law)

עָנִ֥י6 of 7

the cause of the poor

H6041

depressed, in mind or circumstances

וְאֶבְיֽוֹן׃7 of 7

and needy

H34

destitute


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Proverbs. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Proverbs 31:9 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Proverbs 31:9 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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