King James Version

What Does Proverbs 17:18 Mean?

Proverbs 17:18 in the King James Version says “A man void of understanding striketh hands, and becometh surety in the presence of his friend. understanding: Heb. heart — study this verse from Proverbs chapter 17 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

A man void of understanding striketh hands, and becometh surety in the presence of his friend. understanding: Heb. heart

Proverbs 17:18 · KJV


Context

16

Wherefore is there a price in the hand of a fool to get wisdom, seeing he hath no heart to it?

17

A friend loveth at all times, and a brother is born for adversity.

18

A man void of understanding striketh hands, and becometh surety in the presence of his friend. understanding: Heb. heart

19

He loveth transgression that loveth strife: and he that exalteth his gate seeketh destruction.

20

He that hath a froward heart findeth no good: and he that hath a perverse tongue falleth into mischief. He that hath a froward: Heb. The froward of heart


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
A man void of understanding striketh hands, and becometh surety in the presence of his friend. Adam chasar-lev toqe'a khaf (אָדָם חֲסַר־לֵב תּוֹקֵעַ כָּף, a man lacking heart strikes palms). Striking hands symbolized legally binding agreements. Orev aravah lifney re'ehu (עֹרֵב עֲרָבָה לִפְנֵי רֵעֵהוּ, becoming surety before his friend). Becoming guarantor for another's debt was financially dangerous. Proverbs repeatedly warns against this practice (6:1-5, 11:15, 17:18, 20:16, 22:26-27, 27:13). While generosity is good, financially entangling yourself with others' debts is unwise. Give generously but don't obligate yourself legally for others' responsibilities.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient financial systems included debt slavery—those unable to pay debts became slaves. Sureties who guaranteed others' debts faced this if the primary debtor defaulted. Many lost everything becoming surety for friends or relatives. Proverbs' repeated warnings suggest this was common and destructive. While Israelites were to lend freely to needy brothers (Deuteronomy 15:7-8), becoming legal guarantor was different—and dangerous.

Reflection Questions

  1. Have you struck hands to become surety for others' debts, ignoring biblical wisdom?
  2. How can you practice generous lending without the legal entanglements of co-signing or guaranteeing?
  3. What is the difference between biblically wise generosity and foolish financial entanglement?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
אָדָ֣ם1 of 9

A man

H120

ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)

חֲסַר2 of 9

void

H2638

lacking; hence, without

לֵ֭ב3 of 9

of understanding

H3820

the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything

תּוֹקֵ֣עַ4 of 9

striketh

H8628

to clatter, i.e., slap (the hands together), clang (an instrument); by analogy, to drive (a nail or tent-pin, a dart, etc.); by implication, to become

כָּ֑ף5 of 9

hands

H3709

the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-

עֹרֵ֥ב6 of 9

and becometh

H6148

to braid, i.e., intermix; technically, to traffic (as if by barter); also or give to be security (as a kind of exchange)

עֲ֝רֻבָּ֗ה7 of 9

surety

H6161

something given as security, i.e., (literally) a token (of safety) or (metaphorically) a bondsman

לִפְנֵ֥י8 of 9

in the presence

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

רֵעֵֽהוּ׃9 of 9

of his friend

H7453

an associate (more or less close)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Proverbs. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Proverbs 17:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Proverbs 17:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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