King James Version

What Does Psalms 55:21 Mean?

Psalms 55:21 in the King James Version says “The words of his mouth were smoother than butter, but war was in his heart: his words were softer than oil, yet were the... — study this verse from Psalms chapter 55 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

The words of his mouth were smoother than butter, but war was in his heart: his words were softer than oil, yet were they drawn swords.

Psalms 55:21 · KJV


Context

19

God shall hear, and afflict them, even he that abideth of old. Selah. Because they have no changes, therefore they fear not God. Because: or, With whom also there be no changes, yet they

20

He hath put forth his hands against such as be at peace with him: he hath broken his covenant. broken: Heb. profaned

21

The words of his mouth were smoother than butter, but war was in his heart: his words were softer than oil, yet were they drawn swords.

22

Cast thy burden upon the LORD, and he shall sustain thee: he shall never suffer the righteous to be moved. burden: or, gift

23

But thou, O God, shalt bring them down into the pit of destruction: bloody and deceitful men shall not live out half their days; but I will trust in thee. bloody: Heb. men of bloods and deceit shall: Heb. shall not half their days


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The imagery of words 'smoother than butter' yet harboring 'war' and softer than oil yet being 'drawn swords' captures deception's nature. The Hebrew 'chalaq' (smooth/flattering) appears in warnings against the adulteress (Proverbs 7:21), linking betrayal to spiritual adultery. This anticipates warnings against false teachers whose smooth words deceive the simple (Romans 16:18).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

In ancient Near Eastern diplomacy, treaties were often made with fine words while parties prepared for treachery. David experienced this both in Absalom's deceptive charm winning Israel's hearts (2 Samuel 15:6) and Ahithophel's persuasive counsel serving rebellion.

Reflection Questions

  1. How can you develop discernment to recognize deception beneath persuasive speech?
  2. What role does Scripture play in exposing false teaching that appears superficially sound?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
חָלְק֤וּ׀1 of 10

were smoother

H2505

to be smooth (figuratively)

מַחְמָאֹ֣ת2 of 10

than butter

H4260

something buttery (i.e., unctuous and pleasant), as (figuratively) flattery

פִּיו֮3 of 10

The words of his mouth

H6310

the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with prepos

וּֽקֲרָב4 of 10

but war

H7128

hostile encounter

לִ֫בּ֥וֹ5 of 10

was in his heart

H3820

the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything

רַכּ֖וּ6 of 10

were softer

H7401

to soften (intransitively or transitively), used figuratively

דְבָרָ֥יו7 of 10

his words

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

מִשֶּׁ֗מֶן8 of 10

than oil

H8081

grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness

וְהֵ֣מָּה9 of 10
H1992

they (only used when emphatic)

פְתִחֽוֹת׃10 of 10

yet were they drawn swords

H6609

something opened, i.e., a drawn sword


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 55:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 55:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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