King James Version

What Does Numbers 5:7 Mean?

Numbers 5:7 in the King James Version says “Then they shall confess their sin which they have done: and he shall recompense his trespass with the principal thereof,... — study this verse from Numbers chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Then they shall confess their sin which they have done: and he shall recompense his trespass with the principal thereof, and add unto it the fifth part thereof, and give it unto him against whom he hath trespassed.

Numbers 5:7 · KJV


Context

5

And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

6

Speak unto the children of Israel, When a man or woman shall commit any sin that men commit, to do a trespass against the LORD, and that person be guilty;

7

Then they shall confess their sin which they have done: and he shall recompense his trespass with the principal thereof, and add unto it the fifth part thereof, and give it unto him against whom he hath trespassed.

8

But if the man have no kinsman to recompense the trespass unto, let the trespass be recompensed unto the LORD, even to the priest; beside the ram of the atonement, whereby an atonement shall be made for him.

9

And every offering of all the holy things of the children of Israel, which they bring unto the priest, shall be his. offering: or, heave offering


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This law requires confession and restitution when someone 'commit any sin that men commit, to do a trespass against the LORD.' The Hebrew 'yadah' (confess) means to acknowledge openly, while making full restitution plus twenty percent demonstrates genuine repentance bearing fruit. The phrase 'trespass against the LORD' shows that sins against people are ultimately sins against God (cf. Ps 51:4, 'Against thee, thee only, have I sinned'). This law requires both vertical reconciliation (confession to God) and horizontal reconciliation (restitution to the wronged party), foreshadowing Christ's teaching on reconciliation (Matt 5:23-24) and Zacchaeus's response to grace (Luke 19:8).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Given at Sinai as part of the Holiness Code, this law maintained community integrity. The twenty percent addition ensured victims weren't disadvantaged by theft and deterred future offenses. If the wronged party died without heirs, restitution went to the priests, acknowledging the offense against God's community. This law influenced later Jewish halakha (legal rulings) and demonstrates that Old Testament law emphasized restorative, not merely punitive, justice. True confession leads to tangible restitution, not mere words.

Reflection Questions

  1. Is there anyone you've wronged who deserves not just apology but tangible restitution?
  2. How does understanding all sin as ultimately against God deepen your repentance and fuel your reconciliation efforts?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 16 words
וְהִתְוַדּ֗וּ1 of 16

Then they shall confess

H3034

physically, to throw (a stone, an arrow) at or away; especially to revere or worship (with extended hands); intensively, to bemoan (by wringing the ha

אֶֽת2 of 16
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

חַטָּאתָם֮3 of 16

their sin

H2403

an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender

אֲשֶׁ֣ר4 of 16
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

עָשׂוּ֒5 of 16

which they have done

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

וְהֵשִׁ֤יב6 of 16

and he shall recompense

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

אֶת7 of 16
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

אֲשָׁמוֹ֙8 of 16

his trespass

H817

guilt; by implication, a fault; also a sin-offering

בְּרֹאשׁ֔וֹ9 of 16

with the principal

H7218

the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)

וַחֲמִֽישִׁת֖וֹ10 of 16

unto it the fifth

H2549

fifth; also a fifth

יֹסֵ֣ף11 of 16

thereof and add

H3254

to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)

עָלָ֑יו12 of 16
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

וְנָתַ֕ן13 of 16

part thereof and give

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

לַֽאֲשֶׁ֖ר14 of 16
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

אָשַׁ֥ם15 of 16

it unto him against whom he hath trespassed

H816

to be guilty; by implication to be punished or perish

לֽוֹ׃16 of 16
H0

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 5:7 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Numbers 5:7 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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