King James Version

What Does Numbers 5:6 Mean?

Numbers 5:6 in the King James Version says “Speak unto the children of Israel, When a man or woman shall commit any sin that men commit, to do a trespass against th... — study this verse from Numbers chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Speak unto the children of Israel, When a man or woman shall commit any sin that men commit, to do a trespass against the LORD, and that person be guilty;

Numbers 5:6 · KJV


Context

4

And the children of Israel did so, and put them out without the camp: as the LORD spake unto Moses, so did the children of Israel.

5

And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

6

Speak unto the children of Israel, When a man or woman shall commit any sin that men commit, to do a trespass against the LORD, and that person be guilty;

7

Then they shall confess their sin which they have done: and he shall recompense his trespass with the principal thereof, and add unto it the fifth part thereof, and give it unto him against whom he hath trespassed.

8

But if the man have no kinsman to recompense the trespass unto, let the trespass be recompensed unto the LORD, even to the priest; beside the ram of the atonement, whereby an atonement shall be made for him.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This verse introduces the law of restitution when someone commits trespass against another, describing it as 'that sin which men commit' to do wrong against the LORD. The Hebrew identifies the sin as 'ma'al' (מַעַל, 'trespass, unfaithfulness'), emphasizing breach of trust and covenant violation. Significantly, wrong done to another person is simultaneously wrong against God—there's no distinction between horizontal (person-to-person) and vertical (person-to-God) sin. This reflects the reality that humans are made in God's image, so mistreating people offends their Creator. The phrase 'that person be guilty' (Hebrew 'asham', אָשֵׁם) indicates legal culpability requiring satisfaction. God's justice system recognizes that sin creates objective guilt requiring resolution, not merely subjective feelings needing comfort. The following verses detail restitution plus twenty percent and a guilt offering, establishing that justice requires both horizontal restoration (restitution to the wronged party) and vertical reconciliation (sacrifice to God). This anticipates the gospel reality that Christ's atonement addresses both dimensions—reconciling us to God and enabling reconciliation with others.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Numbers 5:5-10 expands on Leviticus 6:1-7, providing additional details about restitution when the wronged party or their family members are unavailable to receive it. Ancient Near Eastern law codes (Hammurabi, Hittite laws, etc.) included restitution requirements, typically ranging from equal recompense to multiple-fold restoration depending on the offense. Israel's law was unique in connecting restitution to the wronged person with ritual atonement to God, acknowledging sin's dual dimensions. The twenty percent added to restitution (Numbers 5:7) exceeded the principal, teaching that sin's consequences include interest and that restoration requires generosity beyond mere equality. The requirement for a guilt offering ('asham', אָשָׁם) ensured that even after human restitution, the offender recognized their offense against God requiring blood atonement. This system functioned throughout Israel's history, though later prophets would condemn those who offered sacrifices while refusing to make restitution to wronged neighbors (Isaiah 1:11-17; Amos 5:21-24).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the equation of sins against people with sins against God shape our understanding of social ethics and justice?
  2. What does the requirement for both restitution and sacrifice teach about addressing sin's horizontal and vertical dimensions?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 18 words
דַּבֵּר֮1 of 18

Speak

H1696

perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue

אֶל2 of 18
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

בְּנֵ֣י3 of 18

unto the children

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

יִשְׂרָאֵל֒4 of 18

of Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

אִ֣ישׁ5 of 18

When a man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

אֽוֹ6 of 18
H176

desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if

אִשָּׁ֗ה7 of 18

or woman

H802

a woman

כִּ֤י8 of 18
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יַֽעֲשׂוּ֙9 of 18

shall commit

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

מִכָּל10 of 18
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

חַטֹּ֣את11 of 18

any sin

H2403

an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender

הָֽאָדָ֔ם12 of 18

that men

H120

ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)

לִמְעֹ֥ל13 of 18

commit

H4603

properly, to cover up; used only figuratively, to act covertly, i.e., treacherously

מַ֖עַל14 of 18

to do a trespass

H4604

treachery, i.e., sin

בַּֽיהוָ֑ה15 of 18

against the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

וְאָֽשְׁמָ֖ה16 of 18

be guilty

H816

to be guilty; by implication to be punished or perish

הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ17 of 18

and that person

H5315

properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment

הַהִֽוא׃18 of 18
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 5:6 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Numbers 5:6 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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