King James Version

What Does Matthew 23:1 Mean?

Matthew 23:1 in the King James Version says “Then spake Jesus to the multitude, and to his disciples, — study this verse from Matthew chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Then spake Jesus to the multitude, and to his disciples,

Matthew 23:1 · KJV


Context

1

Then spake Jesus to the multitude, and to his disciples,

2

Saying, The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses' seat:

3

All therefore whatsoever they bid you observe, that observe and do; but do not ye after their works: for they say, and do not.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Then spake Jesus to the multitude, and to his disciples—the Greek verb elalēsen (ἐλάλησεν) indicates a formal, authoritative discourse. This transitional verse introduces Jesus's most searing public denunciation of religious hypocrisy, delivered not privately but before ochlos (ὄχλος, the crowds) and mathētais (μαθηταῖς, disciples). The dual audience is strategic: Jesus warns believers while unmasking the scribes and Pharisees' corruption before those they misled.

This discourse (Matthew 23:1-39) represents Jesus's final public teaching before the Passion narrative, positioned immediately after His silencing of the religious leaders in debate (Matthew 21-22). The timing underscores the irrevocable breach between Jesus and the Temple establishment—they will respond by crucifying Him within days.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This address occurred during Passion Week (Tuesday, April AD 30) in the Temple courts, where Jesus had been teaching daily. The scribes (Torah scholars) and Pharisees (lay religious party emphasizing oral tradition) held immense social and religious authority, though they lacked the Sadducees' political power.

Reflection Questions

  1. Why does Jesus deliver this harsh critique publicly rather than privately correcting the leaders?
  2. How does addressing both crowds and disciples simultaneously serve different purposes?
  3. What does Jesus's willingness to confront powerful religious authorities teach about prophetic courage?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 10 words
Τότε1 of 10

Then

G5119

the when, i.e., at the time that (of the past or future, also in consecution)

2 of 10
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰησοῦς3 of 10

Jesus

G2424

jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

ἐλάλησεν4 of 10

spake

G2980

to talk, i.e., utter words

τοῖς5 of 10
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ὄχλοις6 of 10

to the multitude

G3793

a throng (as borne along); by implication, the rabble; by extension, a class of people; figuratively, a riot

καὶ7 of 10

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τοῖς8 of 10
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

μαθηταῖς9 of 10

disciples

G3101

a learner, i.e., pupil

αὐτοῦ10 of 10
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 23:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 23:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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