King James Version

What Does Matthew 13:4 Mean?

Matthew 13:4 in the King James Version says “And when he sowed, some seeds fell by the way side, and the fowls came and devoured them up: — study this verse from Matthew chapter 13 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And when he sowed, some seeds fell by the way side, and the fowls came and devoured them up:

Matthew 13:4 · KJV


Context

2

And great multitudes were gathered together unto him, so that he went into a ship, and sat; and the whole multitude stood on the shore.

3

And he spake many things unto them in parables, saying, Behold, a sower went forth to sow;

4

And when he sowed, some seeds fell by the way side, and the fowls came and devoured them up:

5

Some fell upon stony places, where they had not much earth: and forthwith they sprung up, because they had no deepness of earth:

6

And when the sun was up, they were scorched; and because they had no root, they withered away.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
'And when he sowed, some seeds fell by the way side, and the fowls came and devoured them up.' Jesus begins the Parable of the Sower, describing first response-type to gospel: the path hearers. The 'way side' (τὴν ὁδόν/tēn hodon) refers to hardened footpath through or beside the field—compacted soil where seed cannot penetrate. Birds immediately 'devoured' (κατέφαγεν/katephagen) the seed. Jesus explains (v.19): this represents those who hear kingdom word but don't understand; Satan immediately removes what was sown. The image is sobering: some hear gospel without any penetration—like seed bouncing off concrete. Reformed theology sees this describing unregenerate hearts in hardened unbelief (Hebrews 3:15). The problem isn't seed (Word is powerful—Hebrews 4:12) but soil condition. Hardness can result from repeated exposure without response, love of sin, pride, or previous rejection of truth. The parable warns against assuming mere hearing guarantees spiritual benefit. Spiritual receptivity—soft, prepared heart—is essential.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Palestinian farmers sowed seed by hand-broadcasting, walking through fields scattering grain. Inevitably, some fell on footpaths traversing fields. These paths became hard-packed from constant traffic—soil compacted, impenetrable. Seeds landing there remained surface-level, easily visible to birds that quickly ate them. Jesus's agricultural illustration would have been immediately recognized by His audience—they'd seen this countless times. The spiritual application addressed common experience: thousands heard Jesus teach, yet many showed no lasting response. The parable explained this phenomenon: hearing alone doesn't guarantee fruit. Heart condition determines response. In church history, this pattern repeats: some hear gospel repeatedly—in Christian families, churches, schools—yet remain unmoved. The Word never penetrates; Satan removes it before any impact. This challenges both preachers (faithful proclamation required despite varied responses) and hearers (desperate need for heart receptivity). Modern Western Christianity particularly needs this warning: we're saturated with Bible teaching yet often produce little fruit.

Reflection Questions

  1. What causes hearts to become 'hardened path' impervious to God's Word—and how can hardness be softened?
  2. How do you cultivate receptivity to Scripture rather than letting it bounce off hardened, distracted heart?
  3. What role does Satan play in preventing gospel penetration, and how can believers resist his seed-snatching work?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
καὶ1 of 18

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐν2 of 18

when

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

τῷ3 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

σπείρειν4 of 18

sowed

G4687

to scatter, i.e., sow (literally or figuratively)

αὐτά5 of 18

he

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

6 of 18

some

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

μὲν7 of 18
G3303

properly, indicative of affirmation or concession (in fact); usually followed by a contrasted clause with g1161 (this one, the former, etc.)

ἔπεσεν8 of 18

seeds fell

G4098

to fall (literally or figuratively)

παρὰ9 of 18

by

G3844

properly, near; i.e., (with genitive case) from beside (literally or figuratively), (with dative case) at (or in) the vicinity of (objectively or subj

τὴν10 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ὁδόν,11 of 18
G3598

a road; by implication, a progress (the route, act or distance); figuratively, a mode or means

καὶ12 of 18

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἦλθεν13 of 18

came

G2064

to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

τὰ14 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πετεινὰ15 of 18

the fowls

G4071

a flying animal, i.e., bird

καὶ16 of 18

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

κατέφαγεν17 of 18

devoured

G2719

to eat up, i.e., devour (literally or figuratively)

αὐτά18 of 18

he

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 13:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 13:4 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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