King James Version

What Does Luke 11:38 Mean?

Luke 11:38 in the King James Version says “And when the Pharisee saw it, he marvelled that he had not first washed before dinner. — study this verse from Luke chapter 11 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And when the Pharisee saw it, he marvelled that he had not first washed before dinner.

Luke 11:38 · KJV


Context

36

If thy whole body therefore be full of light, having no part dark, the whole shall be full of light, as when the bright shining of a candle doth give thee light. the bright: Gr. a candle by its bright shining

37

And as he spake, a certain Pharisee besought him to dine with him: and he went in, and sat down to meat.

38

And when the Pharisee saw it, he marvelled that he had not first washed before dinner.

39

And the Lord said unto him, Now do ye Pharisees make clean the outside of the cup and the platter; but your inward part is full of ravening and wickedness.

40

Ye fools, did not he that made that which is without make that which is within also?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And when the Pharisee saw it, he marvelled that he had not first washed before dinner (ἐθαύμασεν ὅτι οὐ πρῶτον ἐβαπτίσθη πρὸ τοῦ ἀρίστου)—the verb thaumazō (marvelled) indicates shock or disapproval. The ritual washing (baptizō, ceremonial immersion of hands) wasn't biblical law but Pharisaic tradition (Mark 7:3-4). Jesus's deliberate omission challenges human tradition elevated to divine commandment.

The Pharisee's astonishment reveals his priorities: external ceremonial purity trumps internal spiritual condition. This sets up Jesus's devastating critique—the Pharisees obsess over ritual while ignoring justice, mercy, love (v.42). Their religion consists of visible performance, not heart transformation.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Pharisaic hand-washing rituals involved pouring water over hands in specific ways before meals, based on expansions of Levitical priesthood laws (Exodus 30:19-21). These traditions, codified in the Mishnah, weren't Scripture but 'tradition of the elders' (Mark 7:5). The Pharisees' shock reveals they equated human tradition with divine law—the essence of legalism.

Reflection Questions

  1. What Christian 'traditions' have you elevated to the status of divine commands?
  2. Why might Jesus deliberately violate human religious traditions—what does this teach about challenging legalism?
  3. How does obsession with external religious performance distract from issues of the heart?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 12 words
1 of 12
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δὲ2 of 12

And

G1161

but, and, etc

Φαρισαῖος3 of 12

when the Pharisee

G5330

a separatist, i.e., exclusively religious; a pharisean, i.e., jewish sectary

ἰδὼν4 of 12

saw

G1492

used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl

ἐθαύμασεν5 of 12

it he marvelled

G2296

to wonder; by implication, to admire

ὅτι6 of 12

that

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

οὐ7 of 12

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

πρῶτον8 of 12

first

G4412

firstly (in time, place, order, or importance)

ἐβαπτίσθη9 of 12

he had

G907

to immerse, submerge; to make whelmed (i.e., fully wet); used only (in the new testament) of ceremonial ablution, especially (technically) of the ordi

πρὸ10 of 12

before

G4253

"fore", i.e., in front of, prior (figuratively, superior) to

τοῦ11 of 12
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀρίστου12 of 12

dinner

G712

the best meal (or breakfast; perhaps from ??? ("early")), i.e., luncheon


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 11:38 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 11:38 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study