King James Version

What Does John 1:5 Mean?

John 1:5 in the King James Version says “And the light shineth in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not. comprehended: or, did not admit, or, receive — study this verse from John chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And the light shineth in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not. comprehended: or, did not admit, or, receive

John 1:5 · KJV


Context

3

All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.

4

In him was life; and the life was the light of men.

5

And the light shineth in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not. comprehended: or, did not admit, or, receive

6

There was a man sent from God, whose name was John.

7

The same came for a witness, to bear witness of the Light, that all men through him might believe.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The present tense 'shineth' indicates Christ's ongoing illumination despite humanity's darkness. The darkness 'comprehended it not' uses Greek 'katelaben', meaning both 'understood' and 'overcame', showing darkness's double failure. This anticipates the Gospel's conflict between belief and unbelief, light and darkness—themes fulfilled at the cross where darkness literally covered the earth yet could not extinguish the Light.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Written during persecution under Domitian, this verse encouraged believers that Christ's light continues despite Rome's opposition. The dualism of light/darkness was familiar in both Jewish apocalyptic literature and pagan mystery religions.

Reflection Questions

  1. Where do you see spiritual darkness attempting but failing to overcome Christ's light today?
  2. How can you be a reflector of Christ's light in dark places?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 13 words
καὶ1 of 13

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τὸ2 of 13
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

φῶς3 of 13

the light

G5457

luminousness (in the widest application, natural or artificial, abstract or concrete, literal or figurative)

ἐν4 of 13

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

τῇ5 of 13
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

σκοτία6 of 13

darkness

G4653

dimness, obscurity (literally or figuratively)

φαίνει7 of 13

shineth

G5316

to lighten (shine), i.e., show (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative)

καὶ8 of 13

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

9 of 13
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

σκοτία10 of 13

darkness

G4653

dimness, obscurity (literally or figuratively)

αὐτὸ11 of 13

it

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

οὐ12 of 13

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

κατέλαβεν13 of 13

comprehended

G2638

to take eagerly, i.e., seize, possess, etc. (literally or figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of John. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

John 1:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to John 1:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study