King James Version

What Does Job 16:11 Mean?

Job 16:11 in the King James Version says “God hath delivered me to the ungodly, and turned me over into the hands of the wicked. hath: Heb. hath shut me up — study this verse from Job chapter 16 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

God hath delivered me to the ungodly, and turned me over into the hands of the wicked. hath: Heb. hath shut me up

Job 16:11 · KJV


Context

9

He teareth me in his wrath, who hateth me: he gnasheth upon me with his teeth; mine enemy sharpeneth his eyes upon me.

10

They have gaped upon me with their mouth; they have smitten me upon the cheek reproachfully; they have gathered themselves together against me.

11

God hath delivered me to the ungodly, and turned me over into the hands of the wicked. hath: Heb. hath shut me up

12

I was at ease, but he hath broken me asunder: he hath also taken me by my neck, and shaken me to pieces, and set me up for his mark.

13

His archers compass me round about, he cleaveth my reins asunder, and doth not spare; he poureth out my gall upon the ground.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
God hath delivered me to the ungodly (יַסְגִּירֵנִי אֵל אֶל־עֲוִיל, yasgireni 'El el-'avil)—The verb סָגַר (sagar, 'to deliver up, hand over') is covenant-betrayal language. God has handed Job over to the עֲוִיל ('avil, 'wicked, perverse ones'). This shocking accusation: the covenant-keeper has become covenant-breaker.

And turned me over into the hands of the wicked (וְעַל־יְדֵי רְשָׁעִים יִרְטֵנִי, ve'al-yedey resha'im yirteni)—The verb יָרַט (yarat) means 'to hurl, cast violently.' Job feels thrown to the רְשָׁעִים (resha'im, 'wicked'). Strikingly, this language anticipates Judas's betrayal (παραδίδωμι, paradidomi, 'to hand over') and God 'delivering up' Christ (Romans 8:32). Job's innocent suffering foreshadows the cross.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The verb 'deliver/hand over' (סָגַר/παραδίδωμι) creates a theological arc from Job to Christ. God 'delivered up' Israel to enemies as judgment (Judges 13:1), yet here delivers up the righteous Job. Paul's use in Romans 8:32 ('He that spared not his own Son, but delivered him up for us all') reveals God's ultimate pattern: the Innocent One handed over for the guilty.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Job's accusation that God 'delivered him' to the wicked anticipate the Father delivering the Son?
  2. What does it mean that God sometimes 'hands over' His faithful servants to suffering rather than shielding them?
  3. How does Romans 8:32 transform our understanding of being 'delivered into the hands' of adversity?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
יַסְגִּירֵ֣נִי1 of 8

hath delivered

H5462

to shut up; figuratively, to surrender

אֵ֭ל2 of 8

God

H410

strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the almighty (but used also of any deity)

אֶ֣ל3 of 8
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

עֲוִ֑יל4 of 8

me to the ungodly

H5760

perverse (morally)

וְעַל5 of 8
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

יְדֵ֖י6 of 8

into the hands

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

רְשָׁעִ֣ים7 of 8

of the wicked

H7563

morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person

יִרְטֵֽנִי׃8 of 8

and turned me over

H3399

to precipitate or hurl (rush) headlong; (intransitively) to be rash


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Job. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Job 16:11 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Job 16:11 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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