King James Version

What Does Galatians 3:23 Mean?

Galatians 3:23 in the King James Version says “But before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed. — study this verse from Galatians chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed.

Galatians 3:23 · KJV


Context

21

Is the law then against the promises of God? God forbid : for if there had been a law given which could have given life, verily righteousness should have been by the law.

22

But the scripture hath concluded all under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe.

23

But before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed.

24

Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith.

25

But after that faith is come, we are no longer under a schoolmaster.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed. The phrase 'before faith came' (pro tou elthein tēn pistin, πρὸ τοῦ ἐλθεῖν τὴν πίστιν) refers to the pre-Christian era, before Christ came and faith-righteousness was fully revealed. 'We' (hēmeis, ἡμεῖς) primarily means Jewish believers, though applicable to all. The verb 'were kept' (ephrouroumetha, ἐφρουρούμεθα)—imperfect tense, 'we were being guarded'—is a military term for garrisoning or guarding a city. The Law kept Israel under protective custody, like soldiers guarding prisoners.

'Under the law' (hypo nomon, ὑπὸ νόμον) indicates the Law's jurisdiction—Israel lived under the Law's authority and restraint. The phrase 'shut up' (synkleiomenoi, συγκλειόμενοι)—present participle, 'being imprisoned'—intensifies the image: the Law confined Israel, preventing escape until faith arrived. The purpose: 'unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed' (eis tēn mellousan pistin apokalyphthēnai, εἰς τὴν μέλλουσαν πίστιν ἀποκαλυφθῆναι). The participle 'should afterwards be revealed' (apokalyphthēnai, ἀποκαλυφθῆναι) is aorist passive infinitive—faith was destined to be unveiled at the appointed time.

Paul portrays the Law as a temporary prison guard, holding Israel in custody until the faith-era dawned with Christ. This imagery prepares for the 'schoolmaster' metaphor in verse 24. The Law's function was custodial and preparatory, not salvific. It restrained Israel, revealed sin, and pointed forward to the coming faith-revelation in Christ.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The period 'before faith came' spans from Moses (ca. 1446 BC, giving of the Law) to Christ (ca. 4 BC birth, AD 30 crucifixion/resurrection). During this 1,400-year era, Israel lived 'under law'—governed by the Mosaic covenant with its commandments, sacrifices, and ceremonies. This system was temporary, serving a guardian function until 'the fullness of time' when God sent His Son (Galatians 4:4). The revelation of faith-righteousness, anticipated in the prophets (Habakkuk 2:4, quoted in Galatians 3:11), was fully unveiled in Christ's person and work.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the imagery of being 'kept under the law' and 'shut up' reveal about the Law's custodial function before Christ came?
  2. How does 'the faith which should afterwards be revealed' indicate that faith-righteousness in Christ was God's plan all along, not an afterthought?
  3. In what ways might you be living 'under law' (under rules and regulations) rather than enjoying the freedom of 'the faith' that has been revealed in Christ?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 15 words
Πρὸ1 of 15

before

G4253

"fore", i.e., in front of, prior (figuratively, superior) to

τοῦ2 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δὲ3 of 15

But

G1161

but, and, etc

ἐλθεῖν4 of 15

came

G2064

to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

τὴν5 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πίστιν6 of 15

faith

G4102

persuasion, i.e., credence; moral conviction (of religious truth, or the truthfulness of god or a religious teacher), especially reliance upon christ

ὑπὸ7 of 15

under

G5259

under, i.e., (with the genitive case) of place (beneath), or with verbs (the agency or means, through); (with the accusative case) of place (whither (

νόμον8 of 15

the law

G3551

law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat

ἐφρουρούμεθα9 of 15

we were kept

G5432

to be a watcher in advance, i.e., to mount guard as a sentinel (post spies at gates); figuratively, to hem in, protect

συγκεκλεισμένοι10 of 15

shut up

G4788

to shut together, i.e., include or (figuratively) embrace in a common subjection to

εἰς11 of 15

unto

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

τὴν12 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

μέλλουσαν13 of 15

which should afterwards

G3195

to intend, i.e., be about to be, do, or suffer something (of persons or things, especially events; in the sense of purpose, duty, necessity, probabili

πίστιν14 of 15

faith

G4102

persuasion, i.e., credence; moral conviction (of religious truth, or the truthfulness of god or a religious teacher), especially reliance upon christ

ἀποκαλυφθῆναι15 of 15

be revealed

G601

to take off the cover, i.e., disclose


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Galatians. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Galatians 3:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Galatians 3:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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