King James Version

What Does Exodus 39:6 Mean?

Exodus 39:6 in the King James Version says “And they wrought onyx stones inclosed in ouches of gold, graven, as signets are graven, with the names of the children o... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 39 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And they wrought onyx stones inclosed in ouches of gold, graven, as signets are graven, with the names of the children of Israel.

Exodus 39:6 · KJV


Context

4

They made shoulderpieces for it, to couple it together: by the two edges was it coupled together.

5

And the curious girdle of his ephod, that was upon it, was of the same, according to the work thereof; of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet , and fine twined linen; as the LORD commanded Moses.

6

And they wrought onyx stones inclosed in ouches of gold, graven, as signets are graven, with the names of the children of Israel.

7

And he put them on the shoulders of the ephod, that they should be stones for a memorial to the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses.

8

And he made the breastplate of cunning work, like the work of the ephod; of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet , and fine twined linen.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The onyx stones engraved with Israel's tribal names, set in gold (שֹׁהַם, shoham, onyx), were 'graven, as signets are graven' (פִּתּוּחֵי חֹתָם, pituche chotam, engravings of a seal). Signet engravings denote ownership and authority—Israel belongs to God, sealed by covenant. The stones' permanence contrasts with human fickleness; the names engraved on unchanging stone symbolize God's unbreakable covenant promises. These stones on the priest's shoulders prefigure Christ bearing His elect perpetually before the Father (John 10:28-29; Hebrews 7:25).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Onyx, a semi-precious stone with alternating bands of color, was highly valued in the ancient world. Signet engraving required exceptional skill to produce mirror-image text. The comparison to signet engraving emphasizes the permanence and authority of these tribal names.

Reflection Questions

  1. What assurance does it give that believers' names are engraved, not written in erasable ink, before God?
  2. How does Christ bearing His people 'as a seal' demonstrate the security of salvation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙1 of 14

And they wrought

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

אֶת2 of 14
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

אַבְנֵ֣י3 of 14

stones

H68

a stone

הַשֹּׁ֔הַם4 of 14

onyx

H7718

a gem, probably the beryl (from its pale green color)

מֻֽסַבֹּ֖ת5 of 14

inclosed

H4142

a reversal, i.e., the backside (of a gem), fold (of a double-leaved door), transmutation (of a name)

מִשְׁבְּצֹ֣ת6 of 14

in ouches

H4865

a brocade; by analogy, a (reticulated) setting of a gem

זָהָ֑ב7 of 14

of gold

H2091

gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e., yellow), as oil, a clear sky

פִּתּוּחֵ֣י8 of 14

graven

H6605

to open wide (literally or figuratively); specifically, to loosen, begin, plough, carve

פִּתּוּחֵ֣י9 of 14

graven

H6605

to open wide (literally or figuratively); specifically, to loosen, begin, plough, carve

חוֹתָ֔ם10 of 14

as signets

H2368

a signature-ring

עַל11 of 14
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

שְׁמ֖וֹת12 of 14

with the names

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

בְּנֵ֥י13 of 14

of the children

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃14 of 14

of Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 39:6 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 39:6 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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