King James Version

What Does Exodus 34:19 Mean?

Exodus 34:19 in the King James Version says “All that openeth the matrix is mine; and every firstling among thy cattle, whether ox or sheep, that is male. sheep: or,... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 34 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

All that openeth the matrix is mine; and every firstling among thy cattle, whether ox or sheep, that is male. sheep: or, kid

Exodus 34:19 · KJV


Context

17

Thou shalt make thee no molten gods.

18

The feast of unleavened bread shalt thou keep. Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, as I commanded thee, in the time of the month Abib: for in the month Abib thou camest out from Egypt.

19

All that openeth the matrix is mine; and every firstling among thy cattle, whether ox or sheep, that is male. sheep: or, kid

20

But the firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb: and if thou redeem him not, then shalt thou break his neck. All the firstborn of thy sons thou shalt redeem. And none shall appear before me empty. lamb: or, kid

21

Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest: in earing time and in harvest thou shalt rest.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The principle of firstborn consecration establishes that all life belongs to God—He has 'opening rights' to every womb (פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם, peter rechem). Firstborn males of both humans and livestock must be dedicated to God, though human firstborn are redeemed (פָּדָה, padah) rather than sacrificed. This principle commemorates God's sparing of Israel's firstborn in Egypt and points to Christ, God's Firstborn Son (Col 1:15, 18).

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Historical & Cultural Context

The redemption price for firstborn sons was five shekels paid to the Levites (Num 18:15-16). This practice continues in Jewish tradition as Pidyon HaBen (redemption of the firstborn son).

Reflection Questions

  1. What does consecrating the firstborn teach about God's ownership of all we have?
  2. How should recognizing God's 'first claim' on your life affect your priorities?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
כָּל1 of 10
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

פֶּ֖טֶר2 of 10

All that openeth

H6363

a fissure, i.e., (concretely) firstling (as opening the matrix)

רֶ֖חֶם3 of 10

the matrix

H7358

the womb

לִ֑י4 of 10
H0
וְכָֽל5 of 10
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

מִקְנְךָ֙6 of 10

among thy cattle

H4735

something bought, i.e., property, but only live stock; abstractly, acquisition

תִּזָּכָ֔ר7 of 10

that is male

H2142

properly, to mark (so as to be recognized), i.e., to remember; by implication, to mention; to be male

פֶּ֖טֶר8 of 10

All that openeth

H6363

a fissure, i.e., (concretely) firstling (as opening the matrix)

שׁ֥וֹר9 of 10

whether ox

H7794

a bullock (as a traveller)

וָשֶֽׂה׃10 of 10

or sheep

H7716

a member of a flock, i.e., a sheep or goat


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 34:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 34:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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