King James Version

What Does Exodus 34:21 Mean?

Exodus 34:21 in the King James Version says “Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest: in earing time and in harvest thou shalt rest. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 34 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest: in earing time and in harvest thou shalt rest.

Exodus 34:21 · KJV


Context

19

All that openeth the matrix is mine; and every firstling among thy cattle, whether ox or sheep, that is male. sheep: or, kid

20

But the firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb: and if thou redeem him not, then shalt thou break his neck. All the firstborn of thy sons thou shalt redeem. And none shall appear before me empty. lamb: or, kid

21

Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest: in earing time and in harvest thou shalt rest.

22

And thou shalt observe the feast of weeks, of the firstfruits of wheat harvest, and the feast of ingathering at the year's end. year's end: Heb. revolution of the year

23

Thrice in the year shall all your men children appear before the Lord GOD, the God of Israel.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Even during crucial agricultural seasons (plowing and harvest), the Sabbath must be observed. The Sabbath principle transcends economic concerns—trust in God's provision overrides anxiety about productivity. This command confronts the idolatry of work and the fear of loss, calling Israel to rest in God's sovereignty. The Sabbath anticipates eternal rest in Christ (Heb 4:9-11).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Plowing (for planting) and harvest were the most labor-intensive and time-critical periods in agricultural life. Missing a day during these seasons could affect annual food supply, making this command a profound test of faith.

Reflection Questions

  1. What work or productivity pressures tempt you to neglect rest and worship?
  2. How does Sabbath observance demonstrate trust in God's provision rather than your own effort?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
שֵׁ֤שֶׁת1 of 9

Six

H8337

six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand); as ordinal, sixth

וּבַיּ֥וֹם2 of 9

day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

תַּֽעֲבֹ֔ד3 of 9

thou shalt work

H5647

to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc

וּבַיּ֥וֹם4 of 9

day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י5 of 9

but on the seventh

H7637

seventh

תִּשְׁבֹּֽת׃6 of 9

thou shalt rest

H7673

to repose, i.e., desist from exertion; used in many implied relations (causative, figurative or specific)

בֶּֽחָרִ֥ישׁ7 of 9

in earing time

H2758

ploughing or its season

וּבַקָּצִ֖יר8 of 9

and in harvest

H7105

severed, a limb (of a tree, or simply foliage)

תִּשְׁבֹּֽת׃9 of 9

thou shalt rest

H7673

to repose, i.e., desist from exertion; used in many implied relations (causative, figurative or specific)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 34:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 34:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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