King James Version

What Does Exodus 3:19 Mean?

Exodus 3:19 in the King James Version says “And I am sure that the king of Egypt will not let you go, no, not by a mighty hand. no: or, but by strong hand — study this verse from Exodus chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And I am sure that the king of Egypt will not let you go, no, not by a mighty hand. no: or, but by strong hand

Exodus 3:19 · KJV


Context

17

And I have said, I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt unto the land of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, unto a land flowing with milk and honey.

18

And they shall hearken to thy voice: and thou shalt come, thou and the elders of Israel, unto the king of Egypt, and ye shall say unto him, The LORD God of the Hebrews hath met with us: and now let us go, we beseech thee, three days' journey into the wilderness, that we may sacrifice to the LORD our God.

19

And I am sure that the king of Egypt will not let you go, no, not by a mighty hand. no: or, but by strong hand

20

And I will stretch out my hand, and smite Egypt with all my wonders which I will do in the midst thereof: and after that he will let you go.

21

And I will give this people favour in the sight of the Egyptians: and it shall come to pass, that, when ye go, ye shall not go empty:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And I am sure that the king of Egypt will not let you go, no, not by a mighty hand (וַאֲנִי יָדַעְתִּי כִּי לֹא־יִתֵּן אֶתְכֶם מֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם לַהֲלֹךְ וְלֹא בְּיָד חֲזָקָה)—God warns Moses of certain refusal: the king of Egypt will not let you go. I am sure (יָדַעְתִּי, yadati, "I know") shows God's foreknowledge. The phrase not by a mighty hand is ambiguous: either "not even by [Pharaoh's own] mighty hand [would he let you go]" or "not unless [compelled] by a mighty hand [of YHWH]." Most translations take the latter: only God's powerful intervention will free Israel. This prepares Moses for the plagues—Pharaoh's obstinacy necessitates escalating judgments. God foreknowing resistance doesn't cause it; He simply reveals what will happen given Pharaoh's character.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Pharaoh's refusal despite ten devastating plagues demonstrates human capacity for stubborn rebellion against God. This preview prepares Moses psychologically—he won't interpret Pharaoh's refusals as mission failure but as predicted resistance requiring patience and trust in God's ultimate victory. The phrase anticipates Deuteronomy 26:8 where Israel recalls God delivering them 'with a mighty hand.'

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's advance warning about Pharaoh's resistance help you endure opposition when obeying God's call?
  2. What does this verse teach about persistence in ministry despite foreknown difficulties?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וַֽאֲנִ֣י1 of 12
H589

i

יָדַ֔עְתִּי2 of 12

And I am sure

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

כִּ֠י3 of 12
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

לֹֽא4 of 12
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יִתֵּ֥ן5 of 12

will not let

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

אֶתְכֶ֛ם6 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

מֶ֥לֶךְ7 of 12

that the king

H4428

a king

מִצְרַ֖יִם8 of 12

of Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

לַֽהֲלֹ֑ךְ9 of 12

you go

H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

וְלֹ֖א10 of 12
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

בְּיָ֥ד11 of 12

hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

חֲזָקָֽה׃12 of 12

no not by a mighty

H2389

strong (usu. in a bad sense, hard, bold, violent)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 3:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 3:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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