King James Version

What Does Exodus 22:4 Mean?

Exodus 22:4 in the King James Version says “If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, whether it be ox, or ass, or sheep; he shall restore double. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 22 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, whether it be ox, or ass, or sheep; he shall restore double.

Exodus 22:4 · KJV


Context

2

If a thief be found breaking up, and be smitten that he die, there shall no blood be shed for him.

3

If the sun be risen upon him, there shall be blood shed for him; for he should make full restitution; if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.

4

If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, whether it be ox, or ass, or sheep; he shall restore double.

5

If a man shall cause a field or vineyard to be eaten, and shall put in his beast, and shall feed in another man's field; of the best of his own field, and of the best of his own vineyard, shall he make restitution.

6

If fire break out, and catch in thorns, so that the stacks of corn, or the standing corn, or the field, be consumed therewith; he that kindled the fire shall surely make restitution.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, whether it be ox, or ass, or sheep; he shall restore double.

This ordinance reveals God's comprehensive justice—regulating economic transactions, property rights, and social relationships. The mishpatim create framework for covenant community to flourish. Each law applies broader principles: love God supremely, love neighbor practically. Modern believers aren't bound by ceremonial laws but should pursue their spirit—justice, mercy, and faithfulness (Matthew 23:23). God's character revealed in law guides Christian ethics.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

These civil regulations distinguished Israel from surrounding nations, creating a society reflecting God's justice. The laws balance individual rights with community welfare, property rights with compassion for the poor.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this law reveal God's character—His justice, mercy, or holiness?
  2. What New Testament principles build upon or fulfill this Old Testament regulation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
אִֽם1 of 13
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

תִמָּצֵ֨א2 of 13

be certainly

H4672

properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present

תִמָּצֵ֨א3 of 13

be certainly

H4672

properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present

בְיָד֜וֹ4 of 13

in his hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

הַגְּנֵבָ֗ה5 of 13

If the theft

H1591

stealing, i.e., (concretely) something stolen

מִשּׁ֧וֹר6 of 13

whether it be ox

H7794

a bullock (as a traveller)

עַד7 of 13
H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

חֲמ֛וֹר8 of 13

or ass

H2543

a male ass (from its dun red)

עַד9 of 13
H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

שֶׂ֖ה10 of 13

or sheep

H7716

a member of a flock, i.e., a sheep or goat

חַיִּ֑ים11 of 13

alive

H2416

alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin

שְׁנַ֖יִם12 of 13

double

H8147

two; also (as ordinal) twofold

יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃13 of 13

he shall restore

H7999

to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 22:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 22:4 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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