King James Version

What Does Exodus 21:16 Mean?

Exodus 21:16 in the King James Version says “And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death.

Exodus 21:16 · KJV


Context

14

But if a man come presumptuously upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile; thou shalt take him from mine altar, that he may die.

15

And he that smiteth his father, or his mother, shall be surely put to death.

16

And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death.

17

And he that curseth his father, or his mother, shall surely be put to death. curseth: or, revileth

18

And if men strive together, and one smite another with a stone, or with his fist, and he die not, but keepeth his bed: another: or, his neighbour


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death.

This judgment (mishpat) from the Book of the Covenant applies moral law to civil society. God's justice is comprehensive—addressing economic disputes, family relations, and community welfare. The case laws teach covenant people how to love God and neighbor practically. Through detailed ordinances, God shapes Israel as holy nation, distinct from pagan neighbors. These laws reveal God's character: just, merciful, concerned with details of everyday life.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Book of the Covenant (Exodus 20:22-23:33) is Israel's foundational legal code, predating later expansions in Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. It addresses civil, criminal, and ceremonial matters.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this law reveal God's character—His justice, mercy, or holiness?
  2. What New Testament principles build upon or fulfill this Old Testament regulation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
וְגֹנֵ֨ב1 of 7

And he that stealeth

H1589

to thieve (literally or figuratively); by implication, to deceive

אִ֧ישׁ2 of 7

a man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

וּמְכָר֛וֹ3 of 7

and selleth

H4376

to sell, literally (as merchandise, a daughter in marriage, into slavery), or figuratively (to surrender)

וְנִמְצָ֥א4 of 7

him or if he be found

H4672

properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present

בְיָד֖וֹ5 of 7

in his hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

יוּמָֽת׃6 of 7

be put to death

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

יוּמָֽת׃7 of 7

be put to death

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 21:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 21:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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