King James Version

What Does Exodus 22:23 Mean?

Exodus 22:23 in the King James Version says “If thou afflict them in any wise, and they cry at all unto me, I will surely hear their cry; — study this verse from Exodus chapter 22 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

If thou afflict them in any wise, and they cry at all unto me, I will surely hear their cry;

Exodus 22:23 · KJV


Context

21

Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.

22

Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child.

23

If thou afflict them in any wise, and they cry at all unto me, I will surely hear their cry;

24

And my wrath shall wax hot, and I will kill you with the sword; and your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless.

25

If thou lend money to any of my people that is poor by thee, thou shalt not be to him as an usurer, neither shalt thou lay upon him usury.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
If thou afflict them in any wise, and they cry at all unto me, I will surely hear their cry;

This ordinance reveals God's comprehensive justice—regulating economic transactions, property rights, and social relationships. The mishpatim create framework for covenant community to flourish. Each law applies broader principles: love God supremely, love neighbor practically. Modern believers aren't bound by ceremonial laws but should pursue their spirit—justice, mercy, and faithfulness (Matthew 23:23). God's character revealed in law guides Christian ethics.

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Historical & Cultural Context

These civil regulations distinguished Israel from surrounding nations, creating a society reflecting God's justice. The laws balance individual rights with community welfare, property rights with compassion for the poor.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this law reveal God's character—His justice, mercy, or holiness?
  2. What New Testament principles build upon or fulfill this Old Testament regulation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
אִם1 of 12

If

H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

תְעַנֶּ֖ה2 of 12

them in any wise

H6031

to depress literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various applications, as follows)

תְעַנֶּ֖ה3 of 12

them in any wise

H6031

to depress literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various applications, as follows)

אֹת֑וֹ4 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

כִּ֣י5 of 12
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

אִם6 of 12

If

H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

יִצְעַק֙7 of 12

and they cry

H6817

to shriek; (by implication) to proclaim (an assembly)

יִצְעַק֙8 of 12

and they cry

H6817

to shriek; (by implication) to proclaim (an assembly)

אֵלַ֔י9 of 12
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

אֶשְׁמַ֖ע10 of 12

hear

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

אֶשְׁמַ֖ע11 of 12

hear

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

צַֽעֲקָתֽוֹ׃12 of 12

their cry

H6818

a shriek


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 22:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 22:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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