King James Version

What Does Exodus 22:21 Mean?

Exodus 22:21 in the King James Version says “Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 22 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.

Exodus 22:21 · KJV


Context

19

Whosoever lieth with a beast shall surely be put to death.

20

He that sacrificeth unto any god, save unto the LORD only, he shall be utterly destroyed.

21

Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.

22

Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child.

23

If thou afflict them in any wise, and they cry at all unto me, I will surely hear their cry;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.

'Stranger' (גֵּר, ger) is resident alien—foreigner living in Israel. 'Vex and oppress' (לֹא־תוֹנֶה וְלֹא תִלְחָצֶנּוּ, lo-toneh velo tilchatzenu) means 'don't wrong or exploit.' The motivation: 'ye were strangers in Egypt'—remember your oppression, don't inflict it on others. God repeatedly commands alien protection (Exodus 23:9, Leviticus 19:34, Deuteronomy 10:19)—perhaps the Old Testament's most frequent social command. Why? Because God defends the powerless, and Israel's slavery memory should create empathy. The gospel extends this: we were 'aliens and strangers' (1 Peter 2:11), brought near by Christ's blood (Ephesians 2:19).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern cultures often exploited foreigners. Israel's laws protecting aliens were revolutionary—granting nearly equal rights with citizens. The Egyptian slavery memory was to cultivate compassion, not bitterness.

Reflection Questions

  1. Why does God so frequently command protection for strangers/aliens in Israel?
  2. How should remembering our own 'alien' status (before salvation) shape treatment of outsiders?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
גֵרִ֥ים1 of 10

a stranger

H1616

properly, a guest; by implication, a foreigner

לֹֽא2 of 10
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תוֹנֶ֖ה3 of 10

Thou shalt neither vex

H3238

to rage or be violent; by implication, to suppress, to maltreat

וְלֹ֣א4 of 10
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תִלְחָצֶ֑נּוּ5 of 10

nor oppress

H3905

properly, to press, i.e., (figuratively) to distress

כִּֽי6 of 10
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

גֵרִ֥ים7 of 10

a stranger

H1616

properly, a guest; by implication, a foreigner

הֱיִיתֶ֖ם8 of 10
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

בְּאֶ֥רֶץ9 of 10

in the land

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

מִצְרָֽיִם׃10 of 10

of Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 22:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 22:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

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