King James Version

What Does Exodus 21:14 Mean?

Exodus 21:14 in the King James Version says “But if a man come presumptuously upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile; thou shalt take him from mine altar, that h... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But if a man come presumptuously upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile; thou shalt take him from mine altar, that he may die.

Exodus 21:14 · KJV


Context

12

He that smiteth a man, so that he die, shall be surely put to death.

13

And if a man lie not in wait, but God deliver him into his hand; then I will appoint thee a place whither he shall flee.

14

But if a man come presumptuously upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile; thou shalt take him from mine altar, that he may die.

15

And he that smiteth his father, or his mother, shall be surely put to death.

16

And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But if a man come presumptuously upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile; thou shalt take him from mine altar, that he may die.

This judgment (mishpat) from the Book of the Covenant applies moral law to civil society. God's justice is comprehensive—addressing economic disputes, family relations, and community welfare. The case laws teach covenant people how to love God and neighbor practically. Through detailed ordinances, God shapes Israel as holy nation, distinct from pagan neighbors. These laws reveal God's character: just, merciful, concerned with details of everyday life.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Book of the Covenant (Exodus 20:22-23:33) is Israel's foundational legal code, predating later expansions in Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. It addresses civil, criminal, and ceremonial matters.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this law reveal God's character—His justice, mercy, or holiness?
  2. What New Testament principles build upon or fulfill this Old Testament regulation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וְכִֽי1 of 11
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יָזִ֥ד2 of 11

come presumptuously

H2102

to seethe; figuratively, to be insolent

אִ֛ישׁ3 of 11

But if a man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

עַל4 of 11
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

רֵעֵ֖הוּ5 of 11

upon his neighbour

H7453

an associate (more or less close)

לְהָרְג֣וֹ6 of 11

to slay

H2026

to smite with deadly intent

בְעָרְמָ֑ה7 of 11

him with guile

H6195

trickery; or (in a good sense) discretion

מֵעִ֣ם8 of 11
H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then

מִזְבְּחִ֔י9 of 11

him from mine altar

H4196

an altar

תִּקָּחֶ֖נּוּ10 of 11

thou shalt take

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

לָמֽוּת׃11 of 11

that he may die

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 21:14 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 21:14 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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