King James Version

What Does Exodus 20:19 Mean?

Exodus 20:19 in the King James Version says “And they said unto Moses, Speak thou with us, and we will hear: but let not God speak with us, lest we die. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And they said unto Moses, Speak thou with us, and we will hear: but let not God speak with us, lest we die.

Exodus 20:19 · KJV


Context

17

Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's.

18

And all the people saw the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking: and when the people saw it, they removed, and stood afar off.

19

And they said unto Moses, Speak thou with us, and we will hear: but let not God speak with us, lest we die.

20

And Moses said unto the people, Fear not: for God is come to prove you, and that his fear may be before your faces, that ye sin not.

21

And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where God was.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And they said unto Moses, Speak thou with us, and we will hear: but let not God speak with us, lest we die.

Israel requests mediation—'speak thou...let not God speak' (דַּבֵּר־אַתָּה...וְאַל־יְדַבֵּר, dabber-attah ve'al-yedabber). They cannot endure direct divine speech; Moses must intermediate. This establishes mediation's necessity—people need a go-between to approach holy God. Moses mediates the old covenant; Christ the new (1 Timothy 2:5). The phrase 'lest we die' (וְלֹא נָמוּת, velo namut) acknowledges their danger—God's voice kills unholy hearers. Deuteronomy 5:24-27 expands this: they rightly fear death from God's consuming glory. Hebrews contrasts Sinai's 'unbearable command' with Zion's gracious access (Hebrews 12:18-24). Christ endures God's wrath so we can hear God's voice without dying.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Israel's request for mediation pleased God (Deuteronomy 5:28)—they rightly assessed their need. The mediatorial principle structures all subsequent revelation—prophets, priests, finally Christ, the perfect Mediator.

Reflection Questions

  1. Why is mediation necessary—why can't people approach God directly on their own terms?
  2. How does Christ's mediation improve upon Moses' mediation (Hebrews 8:6, 9:15)?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙1 of 13

And they said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

אֶל2 of 13
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

מֹשֶׁ֔ה3 of 13

unto Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

יְדַבֵּ֥ר4 of 13

Speak

H1696

perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue

אַתָּ֥ה5 of 13
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

עִמָּ֖נוּ6 of 13
H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then

וְנִשְׁמָ֑עָה7 of 13

thou with us and we will hear

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

וְאַל8 of 13
H408

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

יְדַבֵּ֥ר9 of 13

Speak

H1696

perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue

עִמָּ֛נוּ10 of 13
H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then

אֱלֹהִ֖ים11 of 13

but let not God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

פֶּן12 of 13
H6435

properly, removal; used only (in the construction) adverb as conjunction, lest

נָמֽוּת׃13 of 13

with us lest we die

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 20:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 20:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study