King James Version

What Does Exodus 20:21 Mean?

Exodus 20:21 in the King James Version says “And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where God was. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where God was.

Exodus 20:21 · KJV


Context

19

And they said unto Moses, Speak thou with us, and we will hear: but let not God speak with us, lest we die.

20

And Moses said unto the people, Fear not: for God is come to prove you, and that his fear may be before your faces, that ye sin not.

21

And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where God was.

22

And the LORD said unto Moses, Thus thou shalt say unto the children of Israel, Ye have seen that I have talked with you from heaven.

23

Ye shall not make with me gods of silver, neither shall ye make unto you gods of gold.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where God was.

Spatial positioning dramatizes spiritual reality: people 'afar off' (מֵרָחֹק, merachok), Moses 'drew near' (נִגַּשׁ, niggash). The 'thick darkness' (הָעֲרָפֶל, ha'araphel) is where God dwells—cloud and darkness surround Him (Psalm 97:2). Moses alone penetrates the darkness; the people remain distant. This prefigures the torn veil (Matthew 27:51)—what separated people from God's presence is removed in Christ. Moses entering darkness images Christ entering death to bring us to God. The darkness isn't absence but veiled presence—God dwells in unapproachable light (1 Timothy 6:16) that appears as darkness to human eyes. Only the Mediator endures the darkness to bring revelation.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The darkness recalls creation's pre-light darkness (Genesis 1:2) and the Egyptian plague of darkness (Exodus 10:22). God's presence manifests as both light and darkness—light to reveal, darkness to veil consuming holiness.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does Moses entering the darkness alone teach about the nature of mediation?
  2. How does the torn veil at Christ's death (Matthew 27:51) fulfill what Moses' approach to darkness foreshadows?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
וַיַּֽעֲמֹ֥ד1 of 10

stood

H5975

to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)

הָעָ֖ם2 of 10

And the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

מֵֽרָחֹ֑ק3 of 10

afar off

H7350

remote, literally or figuratively, of place or time; specifically, precious; often used adverbially (with preposition)

וּמֹשֶׁה֙4 of 10

and Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

נִגַּ֣שׁ5 of 10

drew near

H5066

to be or come (causatively, bring) near (for any purpose); euphemistically, to lie with a woman; as an enemy, to attack; religious to worship; causati

אֶל6 of 10
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

הָֽעֲרָפֶ֔ל7 of 10

unto the thick darkness

H6205

gloom (as of a lowering sky)

אֲשֶׁר8 of 10
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

שָׁ֖ם9 of 10
H8033

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

הָֽאֱלֹהִֽים׃10 of 10

where God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 20:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 20:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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