King James Version

What Does Exodus 17:11 Mean?

Exodus 17:11 in the King James Version says “And it came to pass, when Moses held up his hand, that Israel prevailed: and when he let down his hand, Amalek prevailed... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 17 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And it came to pass, when Moses held up his hand, that Israel prevailed: and when he let down his hand, Amalek prevailed.

Exodus 17:11 · KJV


Context

9

And Moses said unto Joshua, Choose us out men, and go out, fight with Amalek: to morrow I will stand on the top of the hill with the rod of God in mine hand. Joshua: called Jesus

10

So Joshua did as Moses had said to him, and fought with Amalek: and Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up to the top of the hill.

11

And it came to pass, when Moses held up his hand, that Israel prevailed: and when he let down his hand, Amalek prevailed.

12

But Moses' hands were heavy; and they took a stone, and put it under him, and he sat thereon; and Aaron and Hur stayed up his hands, the one on the one side, and the other on the other side; and his hands were steady until the going down of the sun.

13

And Joshua discomfited Amalek and his people with the edge of the sword.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And it came to pass, when Moses held up his hand, that Israel prevailed: and when he let down his hand, Amalek prevailed—The raised hand holding God's rod demonstrates that victory depends on intercession, not military might alone. The Hebrew גָּבַר (gavar, 'prevailed, was strong') shows the battle's tide turning based on Moses' arm position. This cannot be magic—the rod's power flows from covenant relationship with YHWH. Raised hands represent prayer, worship, and dependence on God (Ps 141:2, 1 Tim 2:8). When Moses' strength fails, Israel fails, showing that spiritual weakness enables enemy victory. This pictures Christ whose intercession never fails—He lives forever to pray for His people (Heb 7:25), unlike Moses who needed support.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern warfare often included religious rituals. Israel's warfare distinctively depended on intercession to YHWH rather than manipulation of deities through ritual.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does victory depending on Moses' raised hands teach that spiritual warfare is won through prayer?
  2. What does Moses' failing strength requiring support teach about Christ's superior intercession?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וְהָיָ֗ה1 of 12
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֨ר2 of 12
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יָרִ֥ים3 of 12

held up

H7311

to be high actively, to rise or raise (in various applications, literally or figuratively)

מֹשֶׁ֛ה4 of 12

And it came to pass when Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

יָד֖וֹ5 of 12

his hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

וְגָבַ֥ר6 of 12

prevailed

H1396

to be strong; by implication, to prevail, act insolently

יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל7 of 12

that Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

וְכַֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר8 of 12
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יָנִ֛יחַ9 of 12

and when he let down

H5117

to rest, i.e., settle down; used in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, intransitive, transitive and causative (to dwell, stay, l

יָד֖וֹ10 of 12

his hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

וְגָבַ֥ר11 of 12

prevailed

H1396

to be strong; by implication, to prevail, act insolently

עֲמָלֵֽק׃12 of 12

Amalek

H6002

amalek, a descendant of esau; also his posterity and their country


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 17:11 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 17:11 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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