King James Version

What Does Ecclesiastes 1:8 Mean?

Ecclesiastes 1:8 in the King James Version says “All things are full of labour; man cannot utter it: the eye is not satisfied with seeing, nor the ear filled with hearin... — study this verse from Ecclesiastes chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

All things are full of labour; man cannot utter it: the eye is not satisfied with seeing, nor the ear filled with hearing.

Ecclesiastes 1:8 · KJV


Context

6

The wind goeth toward the south, and turneth about unto the north; it whirleth about continually, and the wind returneth again according to his circuits.

7

All the rivers run into the sea; yet the sea is not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come, thither they return again. return: Heb. return to go

8

All things are full of labour; man cannot utter it: the eye is not satisfied with seeing, nor the ear filled with hearing.

9

The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that which is done is that which shall be done: and there is no new thing under the sun.

10

Is there any thing whereof it may be said, See, this is new? it hath been already of old time, which was before us.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The Preacher observes: 'All things are full of labour; man cannot utter it: the eye is not satisfied with seeing, nor the ear filled with hearing.' The Hebrew 'yegeaim' (יְגֵעִים, full of labour/wearisome) describes exhausting toil that never satisfies. Human language cannot fully express this weariness—'man cannot utter it' (lo-yukhal ish ledabber, לֹא־יוּכַל אִישׁ לְדַבֵּר). The parallel phrases about eye and ear emphasize perpetual dissatisfaction: no amount of seeing satisfies visual appetite; no amount of hearing satiates auditory desire. This verse diagnoses the human condition: restless craving never satisfied by created things. Augustine famously prayed, 'Our hearts are restless until they rest in Thee.' Only the Creator satisfies the insatiable human soul created for Him.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient peoples experienced this restlessness despite less stimulation than modern life provides. The eye and ear seeking satisfaction anticipated modern consumer culture's endless appetite for novelty and entertainment. Yet Ecclesiastes exposes the futility: accumulating experiences doesn't produce satisfaction. Jesus offered alternative: 'whosoever drinketh of this water shall thirst again: but whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst' (John 4:13-14). Early church fathers contrasted worldly pleasures that increase desire with divine grace that satisfies. The Reformers emphasized that finite goods cannot satisfy infinite desires—only the infinite God suffices. Modern readers see this verse diagnosing social media, streaming services, constant connectivity—endless consumption without satisfaction.

Reflection Questions

  1. What evidence do you see that your 'eye is not satisfied with seeing'—constantly seeking new experiences, content, or possessions without lasting satisfaction?
  2. How does this verse explain why accumulating experiences and knowledge often increases rather than decreases inner restlessness?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
כָּל1 of 15
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הַדְּבָרִ֣ים2 of 15

All things

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

יְגֵעִ֔ים3 of 15

are full of labour

H3023

tired; hence (transitive) tiresome

לֹא4 of 15
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יוּכַ֥ל5 of 15

cannot

H3201

to be able, literally (can, could) or morally (may, might)

אִ֖ישׁ6 of 15

man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

לְדַבֵּ֑ר7 of 15

utter

H1696

perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue

לֹא8 of 15
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תִשְׂבַּ֥ע9 of 15

is not satisfied

H7646

to sate, i.e., fill to satisfaction (literally or figuratively)

עַ֙יִן֙10 of 15

it the eye

H5869

an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)

לִרְא֔וֹת11 of 15

with seeing

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

וְלֹא12 of 15
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תִמָּלֵ֥א13 of 15

filled

H4390

to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)

אֹ֖זֶן14 of 15

nor the ear

H241

broadness. i.e., (concrete) the ear (from its form in man)

מִשְּׁמֹֽעַ׃15 of 15

with hearing

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ecclesiastes. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ecclesiastes 1:8 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ecclesiastes 1:8 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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