King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 5:20 Mean?

Deuteronomy 5:20 in the King James Version says “Neither shalt thou bear false witness against thy neighbour. — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Neither shalt thou bear false witness against thy neighbour.

Deuteronomy 5:20 · KJV


Context

18

Neither shalt thou commit adultery.

19

Neither shalt thou steal.

20

Neither shalt thou bear false witness against thy neighbour.

21

Neither shalt thou desire thy neighbour's wife, neither shalt thou covet thy neighbour's house, his field, or his manservant, or his maidservant, his ox, or his ass, or any thing that is thy neighbour's.

22

These words the LORD spake unto all your assembly in the mount out of the midst of the fire, of the cloud, and of the thick darkness, with a great voice: and he added no more. And he wrote them in two tables of stone, and delivered them unto me.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The ninth commandment 'Neither shalt thou bear false witness against thy neighbour' protects truth and reputation. The original context addresses courtroom testimony, where false witness could result in innocent persons' execution (Deuteronomy 19:16-21). This command upholds justice, requiring honest testimony even when costly. Broader applications include prohibiting slander, gossip, lying, and reputation destruction. Truth-telling reflects God's character (Numbers 23:19, Titus 1:2) and builds trustworthy communities. The Reformed tradition emphasizes Christians as truth-bearers in all contexts, guarding both truth and neighbor's good name.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern legal systems required witnesses for capital cases, creating temptation for perjury. Israel's law mandated two or three witnesses (Deuteronomy 19:15), death penalty for proven false witnesses (Deuteronomy 19:18-19), and thorough investigation of accusations. False witnesses convicted Jesus (Matthew 26:59-60), Naboth (1 Kings 21:10-13), and Stephen (Acts 6:13). Proverbs repeatedly condemns false witness (Proverbs 6:19, 12:17, 14:5, 19:5), showing this sin's seriousness.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this commandment require not only avoiding false testimony but actively protecting others' reputations through truthful, gracious speech?
  2. In what ways do gossip, slander, and careless words violate the spirit of this command even when not in formal legal contexts?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 5 words
וְלֹֽא1 of 5
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תַעֲנֶ֥ה2 of 5

Neither shalt thou bear

H6030

properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,

בְרֵֽעֲךָ֖3 of 5

against thy neighbour

H7453

an associate (more or less close)

עֵ֥ד4 of 5

witness

H5707

concretely, a witness; abstractly, testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e., prince

שָֽׁוְא׃5 of 5

false

H7723

evil (as destructive), literally (ruin) or morally (especially guile); figuratively idolatry (as false, subjective), uselessness (as deceptive, object


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 5:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 5:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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