King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 5:19 Mean?

Deuteronomy 5:19 in the King James Version says “Neither shalt thou steal.” — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

“Neither shalt thou steal.”

Deuteronomy 5:19 · KJV

Context

17

Thou shalt not kill.

18

Neither shalt thou commit adultery.

19

Neither shalt thou steal.

20

Neither shalt thou bear false witness against thy neighbour.

21

Neither shalt thou desire thy neighbour's wife, neither shalt thou covet thy neighbour's house, his field, or his manservant, or his maidservant, his ox, or his ass, or any thing that is thy neighbour's.

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Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The eighth commandment 'Neither shalt thou steal' protects private property and economic justice. Theft violates the neighbor's God-given right to possess and use property. This command assumes property ownership is legitimate, opposing both anarchistic stealing and totalitarian confiscation. The Hebrew 'ganav' encompasses all wrongful taking: theft, fraud, withholding wages, unjust business practices, and oppressive taxation. The Reformed tradition sees this as protecting economic liberty, honest commerce, and the dignity of ownership. It requires honest work (Ephesians 4:28) and generous sharing with the needy.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern law codes addressed theft with restitution (sometimes multiple fold) or death depending on severity. Israel's law required restitution plus 20% penalty (Leviticus 6:5, Numbers 5:7), or multiple-fold for livestock theft (Exodus 22:1-4). Kidnapping—stealing persons—merited death (Exodus 21:16, Deuteronomy 24:7). Prophets condemned economic oppression, corrupt business practices, and exploitation of the poor (Amos 8:5-6, Micah 2:2, Malachi 3:5).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this commandment establish the legitimacy of private property ownership against both individual theft and government confiscation?
  2. In what subtle ways might Christians violate this command through dishonest business practices, tax evasion, or failing to pay fair wages?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 2 words
וְלֹ֖֣א1 of 2
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃2 of 2

“Neither shalt thou steal”

H1589

to thieve (literally or figuratively); by implication, to deceive

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 5:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 5:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Exodus 20:15Romans 13:9Ephesians 4:28

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