King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 21:18 Mean?

Deuteronomy 21:18 in the King James Version says “If a man have a stubborn and rebellious son, which will not obey the voice of his father, or the voice of his mother, an... — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

If a man have a stubborn and rebellious son, which will not obey the voice of his father, or the voice of his mother, and that, when they have chastened him, will not hearken unto them:

Deuteronomy 21:18 · KJV


Context

16

Then it shall be, when he maketh his sons to inherit that which he hath, that he may not make the son of the beloved firstborn before the son of the hated, which is indeed the firstborn:

17

But he shall acknowledge the son of the hated for the firstborn, by giving him a double portion of all that he hath: for he is the beginning of his strength; the right of the firstborn is his. that: Heb. that is found with him

18

If a man have a stubborn and rebellious son, which will not obey the voice of his father, or the voice of his mother, and that, when they have chastened him, will not hearken unto them:

19

Then shall his father and his mother lay hold on him, and bring him out unto the elders of his city, and unto the gate of his place;

20

And they shall say unto the elders of his city, This our son is stubborn and rebellious, he will not obey our voice; he is a glutton, and a drunkard.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
If a man have a stubborn and rebellious son—The Hebrew ben sorer u-moreh ("stubborn and rebellious son") describes persistent, incorrigible defiance, not childhood disobedience. Sorer derives from sur (to turn aside, rebel), while moreh means contentious, rebellious. This is covenant-breaking within the family structure.

Which will not obey the voice of his father, or the voice of his mother—Both parents must agree, preventing unilateral parental tyranny. The phrase lo yishma ("will not obey," literally "will not hear") indicates deliberate rejection of parental authority. When they have chastened him, will not hearken unto themYisru (chastened/disciplined) shows corrective measures have been attempted and failed. This isn't impulsive punishment but a last resort after exhausted remediation.

This severe law (verses 18-21) protected the covenant community from corruption by removing unrepentant rebels. Rabbinic tradition notes no historical record of this sentence being carried out—its existence as law deterred the behavior. Hebrews 12:9 references respect for earthly fathers who discipline, contrasting earthly and heavenly fatherhood.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Israelite society was structured around the family unit as the basic covenant community. A son who utterly rejected parental authority threatened not just his family but the entire social and religious order. The requirement that both parents agree and bring the case to the elders (verse 19) created multiple safeguards against abuse. The public nature of the trial and execution served as a powerful deterrent. This law presumes a son old enough for moral accountability yet still under parental authority—likely a young adult, as the accusations in verse 20 (gluttony, drunkenness) suggest independent behavior that impacts the community.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the requirement for both parents to agree and for community elders to judge reflect God's wisdom in balancing parental authority with protection against abuse of power?
  2. What does this severe law reveal about the seriousness of rebellion against God-ordained authority, and how does it magnify the grace of the gospel that transforms rebels into sons?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 17 words
כִּֽי1 of 17
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יִהְיֶ֣ה2 of 17
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

לְאִ֗ישׁ3 of 17

If a man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

בֵּ֚ן4 of 17

son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

סוֹרֵ֣ר5 of 17

have a stubborn

H5637

to turn away, i.e., (morally) be refractory

וּמוֹרֶ֔ה6 of 17

and rebellious

H4784

to be (causatively, make) bitter (or unpleasant); (figuratively) to rebel (or resist; causatively, to provoke)

אֵינֶ֣נּוּ7 of 17
H369

a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle

יִשְׁמַ֖ע8 of 17

him will not hearken

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

וּבְק֣וֹל9 of 17

or the voice

H6963

a voice or sound

אָבִ֖יו10 of 17

of his father

H1

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

וּבְק֣וֹל11 of 17

or the voice

H6963

a voice or sound

אִמּ֑וֹ12 of 17

of his mother

H517

a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively [like father])

וְיִסְּר֣וּ13 of 17

and that when they have chastened

H3256

to chastise, literally (with blows) or figuratively (with words); hence, to instruct

אֹת֔וֹ14 of 17
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

וְלֹ֥א15 of 17
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יִשְׁמַ֖ע16 of 17

him will not hearken

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃17 of 17
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 21:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 21:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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