King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 6:10 Mean?

1 Samuel 6:10 in the King James Version says “And the men did so; and took two milch kine, and tied them to the cart, and shut up their calves at home: — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 6 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the men did so; and took two milch kine, and tied them to the cart, and shut up their calves at home:

1 Samuel 6:10 · King James Version


Context

8

And take the ark of the LORD, and lay it upon the cart; and put the jewels of gold, which ye return him for a trespass offering, in a coffer by the side thereof; and send it away, that it may go.

9

And see, if it goeth up by the way of his own coast to Bethshemesh, then he hath done us this great evil: but if not, then we shall know that it is not his hand that smote us: it was a chance that happened to us. he: or, it

10

And the men did so; and took two milch kine, and tied them to the cart, and shut up their calves at home:

11

And they laid the ark of the LORD upon the cart, and the coffer with the mice of gold and the images of their emerods.

12

And the kine took the straight way to the way of Bethshemesh, and went along the highway , lowing as they went, and turned not aside to the right hand or to the left; and the lords of the Philistines went after them unto the border of Bethshemesh.


Commentaries3 scholars

KJV Study CommentaryPublic Domain
And the men did so; and took two milch kine, and tied them to the cart, and shut up their calves at home:

The Ark narrative reveals that God's presence cannot be manipulated through religious symbols or ritualistic practices. Israel's superstitious use of the Ark as a magical talisman demonstrated fundamental misunderstanding of covenant relationship. The Ark's capture and Israel's defeat prove that external religious forms without heart transformation provide no protection from judgment. Yet even in captivity, the Ark demonstrates Yahweh's supremacy—Dagon falls, plagues strike, and the Philistines recognize a power they cannot control or domesticate.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The Philistines, part of the 'Sea Peoples' who settled the coastal plain around 1200 BCE, possessed superior iron technology and organized military forces. Their pentapolis (five major cities: Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath) controlled coastal trade routes and threatened Israelite settlements in the hill country. The Philistine threat created the political pressure that would eventually lead to Israel's demand for centralized monarchy.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage deepen our understanding of God's character, purposes, and ways of working in human history?
  2. What specific heart attitudes, thought patterns, or life practices does this passage call you to examine or change?
  3. How does this passage connect to the larger biblical narrative of redemption and point toward Christ and the gospel?

Compare 3 commentaries from different scholars and time periods for a richer understanding.


Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֤וּ1 of 13

did so

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙2 of 13
H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

כֵּ֔ן3 of 13
H3651

properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner

וַיִּקְח֗וּ4 of 13

and took

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

שְׁתֵּ֤י5 of 13

two

H8147

two; also (as ordinal) twofold

פָרוֹת֙6 of 13

kine

H6510

a heifer

עָל֔וֹת7 of 13

milch

H5763

to suckle, i.e., give milk

וַיַּֽאַסְר֖וּם8 of 13

and tied

H631

to yoke or hitch; by analogy, to fasten in any sense, to join battle

בָּֽעֲגָלָ֑ה9 of 13

them to the cart

H5699

something revolving, i.e., a wheeled vehicle

וְאֶת10 of 13
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

בְּנֵיהֶ֖ם11 of 13

their calves

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

כָּל֥וּ12 of 13

and shut up

H3607

to restrict, by act (hold back or in) or word (prohibit)

בַבָּֽיִת׃13 of 13

at home

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 6:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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