King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 17:15 Mean?

1 Samuel 17:15 in the King James Version says “But David went and returned from Saul to feed his father's sheep at Bethlehem. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 17 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But David went and returned from Saul to feed his father's sheep at Bethlehem.

1 Samuel 17:15 · KJV


Context

13

And the three eldest sons of Jesse went and followed Saul to the battle: and the names of his three sons that went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and next unto him Abinadab, and the third Shammah.

14

And David was the youngest: and the three eldest followed Saul.

15

But David went and returned from Saul to feed his father's sheep at Bethlehem.

16

And the Philistine drew near morning and evening, and presented himself forty days.

17

And Jesse said unto David his son, Take now for thy brethren an ephah of this parched corn, and these ten loaves, and run to the camp to thy brethren;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But David went and returned from Saul to feed his father's sheep at Beth-lehem.

The Goliath narrative demonstrates that human impossibilities create opportunities for divine glory. David's confidence rests not in weapons or military training but in the character of the God who delivered him from lion and bear. His declaration that 'the battle is the LORD's' establishes the theological principle that spiritual victory comes through faith in God's power rather than confidence in human strength. The contrast between Saul's armor (representing human methods) and simple shepherd's weapons (representing faith) teaches that God uses unexpected means to accomplish His purposes and receive glory.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The establishment of monarchy around 1050-1010 BCE represented a dramatic political and theological shift for Israel. Unlike surrounding nations where kings were considered divine or semi-divine, Israel's kings were supposed to function under God's ultimate authority as laid out in Deuteronomy 17:14-20. The Benjamite tribe occupied strategic territory between Ephraim and Judah, making Saul's selection a politically astute choice to balance tribal rivalries. Archaeological remains from this period show increased fortification and centralization of settlements, confirming the transition to state-level organization.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage deepen our understanding of God's character, purposes, and ways of working in human history?
  2. What specific heart attitudes, thought patterns, or life practices does this passage call you to examine or change?
  3. How does this passage connect to the larger biblical narrative of redemption and point toward Christ and the gospel?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וְדָוִ֛ד1 of 11

But David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

הֹלֵ֥ךְ2 of 11

went

H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

וָשָׁ֖ב3 of 11

and returned

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

מֵעַ֣ל4 of 11
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

שָׁא֑וּל5 of 11

from Saul

H7586

shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites

לִרְע֛וֹת6 of 11

to feed

H7462

to tend a flock; i.e., pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a frie

אֶת7 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

צֹ֥אן8 of 11

sheep

H6629

a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)

אָבִ֖יו9 of 11

his father's

H1

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

בֵּֽית10 of 11
H0
לָֽחֶם׃11 of 11

at Bethlehem

H1035

beth-lechem, a place in palestine


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 17:15 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 17:15 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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