King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 16:23 Mean?

1 Samuel 16:23 in the King James Version says “And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took an harp, and played with his hand: so ... — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 16 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took an harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him.

1 Samuel 16:23 · KJV


Context

21

And David came to Saul, and stood before him: and he loved him greatly; and he became his armourbearer .

22

And Saul sent to Jesse, saying, Let David, I pray thee, stand before me; for he hath found favour in my sight.

23

And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took an harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took an harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him.

The therapeutic effect of David's music - Saul 'refreshed' (rawach), made 'well' (tov), with the evil spirit departing - demonstrates music's genuine spiritual power. The Hebrew suggests physical relief and restored breathing, indicating psychosomatic healing. Yet this relief was temporary, requiring repeated ministry. David's faithful service despite Saul's deteriorating condition models perseverance in difficult ministry circumstances.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The harp (kinnor) produced soothing tones suited to calming agitation. David's skill, developed through years of wilderness praise, now served immediate therapeutic purpose. The pattern of relief followed by return of symptoms characterizes Saul's spiritual condition throughout his remaining reign.

Reflection Questions

  1. How might your Spirit-filled worship serve as ministry to troubled souls around you?
  2. What does the temporary nature of Saul's relief teach about the limits of human remedies without genuine repentance?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 20 words
וְהָיָ֗ה1 of 20
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

בִּֽהְי֤וֹת2 of 20
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

ר֥וּחַ3 of 20

And it came to pass when the evil spirit

H7307

wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the

אֱלֹהִים֙4 of 20

from God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

אֶל5 of 20
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

לְשָׁאוּל֙6 of 20

so Saul

H7586

shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites

וְלָקַ֥ח7 of 20

took

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

דָּוִ֛ד8 of 20

that David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

אֶת9 of 20
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַכִּנּ֖וֹר10 of 20

an harp

H3658

a harp

וְנִגֵּ֣ן11 of 20

and played

H5059

properly, to thrum, i.e., beat a tune with the fingers; expectation. to play on a stringed instrument; hence (generally), to make music

בְּיָד֑וֹ12 of 20

with his hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

וְרָוַ֤ח13 of 20

was refreshed

H7304

properly, to breathe freely, i.e., revive; by implication, to have ample room

לְשָׁאוּל֙14 of 20

so Saul

H7586

shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites

וְט֣וֹב15 of 20

and was well

H2895

to be (transitively, do or make) good (or well) in the widest sense

ל֔וֹ16 of 20
H0
וְסָ֥רָה17 of 20

departed

H5493

to turn off (literally or figuratively)

מֵֽעָלָ֖יו18 of 20
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

ר֥וּחַ19 of 20

And it came to pass when the evil spirit

H7307

wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the

הָֽרָעָֽה׃20 of 20

and the evil

H7451

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 16:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 16:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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