King James Version

What Does 1 Kings 2:43 Mean?

1 Kings 2:43 in the King James Version says “Why then hast thou not kept the oath of the LORD, and the commandment that I have charged thee with? — study this verse from 1 Kings chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Why then hast thou not kept the oath of the LORD, and the commandment that I have charged thee with?

1 Kings 2:43 · KJV


Context

41

And it was told Solomon that Shimei had gone from Jerusalem to Gath, and was come again.

42

And the king sent and called for Shimei, and said unto him, Did I not make thee to swear by the LORD, and protested unto thee, saying, Know for a certain, on the day thou goest out, and walkest abroad any whither, that thou shalt surely die? and thou saidst unto me, The word that I have heard is good.

43

Why then hast thou not kept the oath of the LORD, and the commandment that I have charged thee with?

44

The king said moreover to Shimei, Thou knowest all the wickedness which thine heart is privy to, that thou didst to David my father: therefore the LORD shall return thy wickedness upon thine own head;

45

And king Solomon shall be blessed, and the throne of David shall be established before the LORD for ever.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Why then hast thou not kept the oath of the LORD, and the commandment that I have charged thee with?

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of david's death and solomon's consolidation of power, within the book's focus on succession narrative and establishment of Solomon's reign.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. This passage describes events around 970 BCE during the transition from David to Solomon.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage illustrate the importance of clear succession planning and communication in leadership transitions?
  2. What does Solomon's consolidation of power reveal about the relationship between justice, mercy, and political necessity?
  3. How does this verse point toward or prepare for the coming of Christ and His eternal kingdom?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וּמַדּ֕וּעַ1 of 11
H4069

what (is) known?; i.e., (by implication) (adverbially) why?

לֹ֣א2 of 11
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ3 of 11

Why then hast thou not kept

H8104

properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc

אֵ֖ת4 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

שְׁבֻעַ֣ת5 of 11

the oath

H7621

properly, something sworn, i.e., an oath

יְהוָ֑ה6 of 11

of the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

וְאֶת7 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַמִּצְוָ֖ה8 of 11

and the commandment

H4687

a command, whether human or divine (collectively, the law)

אֲשֶׁר9 of 11
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

צִוִּ֥יתִי10 of 11

that I have charged

H6680

(intensively) to constitute, enjoin

עָלֶֽיךָ׃11 of 11
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Kings. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Kings 2:43 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Kings 2:43 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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