King James Version

What Does 1 Corinthians 3:5 Mean?

1 Corinthians 3:5 in the King James Version says “Who then is Paul, and who is Apollos, but ministers by whom ye believed, even as the Lord gave to every man? — study this verse from 1 Corinthians chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Who then is Paul, and who is Apollos, but ministers by whom ye believed, even as the Lord gave to every man?

1 Corinthians 3:5 · KJV


Context

3

For ye are yet carnal: for whereas there is among you envying, and strife, and divisions, are ye not carnal, and walk as men? divisions: or, factions as men: Gr. according to man?

4

For while one saith, I am of Paul; and another, I am of Apollos; are ye not carnal?

5

Who then is Paul, and who is Apollos, but ministers by whom ye believed, even as the Lord gave to every man?

6

I have planted, Apollos watered; but God gave the increase.

7

So then neither is he that planteth any thing, neither he that watereth; but God that giveth the increase.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Who then is Paul, and who is Apollos, but ministers by whom ye believed (διάκονοι, diakonoi, 'servants')—Paul demolishes the personality cults by reducing himself and Apollos to diakonoi, table-servers or errand-runners. This term denoted the lowest-ranking household servants, not honored leaders. Even as the Lord gave to every man (ὡς ὁ κύριος ἔδωκεν, hōs ho kyrios edōken)—both Paul's apostolic calling and the Corinthians' faith originated with Christ, not human achievement.

Ministers are merely instruments through whom (δι' ὧν, di' hōn) belief occurs, not sources of salvation or objects of loyalty. The passive voice 'ye believed' emphasizes that faith itself is God's gift, not the preacher's accomplishment. Paul consistently deflects glory from himself to Christ (2 Corinthians 4:5, 'we preach not ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord'). This theology of ministry undermines all triumphalism—preachers are dispensable servants; Christ is the indispensable Lord. The Reformation principle sola gratia (grace alone) extends to ministers: we contribute nothing but obedience to the assignment God graciously grants.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Apollos was an Alexandrian Jew, 'eloquent' and 'mighty in the scriptures' (Acts 18:24), who ministered in Corinth after Paul's departure. His different style—refined rhetoric versus Paul's plain preaching—created factions. Paul's response demolishes such comparisons: both men were mere servants through whom the Lord worked. Neither deserved the cult following the Corinthians created.

Reflection Questions

  1. Do you view pastors and teachers as 'servants through whom you believed' or as spiritual celebrities to be admired and followed?
  2. How does recognizing that 'the Lord gave' faith to each person prevent boasting in or about human ministers?
  3. What practical steps can you take to honor faithful teachers without creating the personality-driven factionalism Paul condemns?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 19 words
τίς1 of 19

Who

G5101

an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)

οὖν2 of 19

then

G3767

(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly

ἐστιν3 of 19

is

G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

Παῦλος4 of 19

Paul

G3972

(little; but remotely from a derivative of g3973, meaning the same); paulus, the name of a roman and of an apostle

τίς5 of 19

Who

G5101

an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)

δέ6 of 19

and

G1161

but, and, etc

Ἀπολλῶς7 of 19

is Apollos

G625

apollos, an israelite

ἀλλ'8 of 19

but

G235

properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)

9 of 19
G2228

disjunctive, or; comparative, than

διάκονοι10 of 19

ministers

G1249

an attendant, i.e., (genitive case) a waiter (at table or in other menial duties); specially, a christian teacher and pastor (technically, a deacon)

δι'11 of 19

by

G1223

through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)

ὧν12 of 19

whom

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

ἐπιστεύσατε13 of 19

ye believed

G4100

to have faith (in, upon, or with respect to, a person or thing), i.e., credit; by implication, to entrust (especially one's spiritual well-being to ch

καὶ14 of 19

even

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἑκάστῳ15 of 19

to every man

G1538

each or every

ὡς16 of 19

as

G5613

which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)

17 of 19
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κύριος18 of 19

the Lord

G2962

supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)

ἔδωκεν19 of 19

gave

G1325

to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or figuratively; greatly modified by the connection)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Corinthians. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Corinthians 3:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Corinthians 3:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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