About Psalms

Psalms is Israel's hymnbook and prayer book, expressing the full range of human emotion in relationship with God, from deep lament to exuberant praise.

Author: David and othersWritten: c. 1410-450 BCReading time: ~2 minVerses: 17
WorshipPrayerPraiseLamentTrustMessianic Prophecy

King James Version

Psalms 7

17 verses with commentary

The Lord Is a Righteous Judge

Shiggaion of David, which he sang unto the LORD, concerning the words of Cush the Benjamite . O LORD my God, in thee do I put my trust: save me from all them that persecute me, and deliver me: words: or, business

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>O LORD my God, in thee do I put my trust: save me from all them that persecute me, and deliver me.</strong> This opening verse establishes the psalm as a passionate cry for divine intervention amidst persecution. The Hebrew verb <em>chasah</em> (חָסָה), translated "put my trust," literally means to flee for refuge or seek shelter—like a bird fleeing to its nest or a person running to a for...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(1) **In thee do I put my trust.**—Or, *in thee have I taken refuge.*

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8. lion's whelps--**literally, "the sons of pride," that is, the fiercest beasts. **passed--**The Hebrew implies the proud gait of the lion. The miner ventures where not even the fierce lion dares to go in pursuit of his prey.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 7 Chapter Outline The psalmist prays to God to plead his cause, and judge for him.(1-9) He expresses confidence in God, and will give him the glory of his deliverance.(10-17) **Verses 1-9** David flees to God for succour. But Christ alone could call on Heaven to attest his uprightness in all things. All His works were wrought in righteousness; and the prince of this world...
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Lest he tear my soul like a lion, rending it in pieces, while there is none to deliver. none: Heb. not a deliverer

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KJV Study Commentary

David uses vivid imagery of a lion tearing prey to describe the danger from his enemy. The Hebrew 'taraph' (tear) and 'paraq' (rend) convey violent destruction. The phrase 'while there is none to deliver' emphasizes David's helplessness apart from divine intervention. This metaphor appears throughout Scripture for enemies who devour the helpless (1 Peter 5:8). The prayer anticipates Christ, who wa...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **Lest he tear.**—The poet turns from the thought of his enemies generally to the one who has just made himself conspicuous. Such a change from plural to singular often occurs in the Psalms. (Comp. Psalm 41:5-6.) **Rending it in pieces.**—The LXX., followed by the Vulg. (so too the Syriac), take the verb in its primitive sense of “snatch away,” and translate, “there being none to redeem or del...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**9. rock--**flint. He puts forth his hand to cleave the hardest rock. **by the roots--**from their foundations, by undermining them.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 7 Chapter Outline The psalmist prays to God to plead his cause, and judge for him.(1-9) He expresses confidence in God, and will give him the glory of his deliverance.(10-17) **Verses 1-9** David flees to God for succour. But Christ alone could call on Heaven to attest his uprightness in all things. All His works were wrought in righteousness; and the prince of this world...
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O LORD my God, if I have done this; if there be iniquity in my hands;

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KJV Study Commentary

David protests his innocence with an oath-like formula. 'If I have done this' introduces a self-imprecation - if guilty, may punishment come. 'Iniquity in my hands' means unjust actions or wrongdoing. This isn't claiming sinless perfection but specific innocence regarding accusations. David appeals to God as righteous judge who knows hearts. This models appropriate self-defense while submitting to...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **This**—*i.e., this with which I am charged*—the Benjamite’s slander. **If there be iniquity.**—A comparison with 1Samuel 24:12-13, and still more 1Samuel 26:18, shows how closely this psalm is connected with the two notorious instances of David’s magnanimous and generous conduct towards Saul.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

10. He cuts channels to drain off the waters, which hinder his mining; and when the waters are gone, he he is able to see the precious things in the earth.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 7 Chapter Outline The psalmist prays to God to plead his cause, and judge for him.(1-9) He expresses confidence in God, and will give him the glory of his deliverance.(10-17) **Verses 1-9** David flees to God for succour. But Christ alone could call on Heaven to attest his uprightness in all things. All His works were wrought in righteousness; and the prince of this world...
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If I have rewarded evil unto him that was at peace with me; (yea, I have delivered him that without cause is mine enemy:)

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KJV Study Commentary

David continues his oath of innocence, specifically denying returning evil for good and affirming he spared his enemy. The parenthetical statement 'I have delivered him that without cause is mine enemy' likely refers to David sparing Saul's life (1 Samuel 24, 26). This demonstrates Christ-like love of enemies and refusal to take personal vengeance. Romans 12:17-21 commands the same principle. Davi...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **Yea, I have**—*i.e., on the contrary, so far from returning evil for good, I have returned good for evil. *With allusion, there can be little doubt, to the incidents referred to in the last Note. From metrical reasons, and also to avoid the abruptness of the change of construction, Ewald conjectures that two clauses have dropped out of the text, and restores as follows— “If I have rewarded e...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11. floods--**"He restrains the streams from weeping"; a poetical expression for the trickling subterranean rills, which impede him; answering to the first clause of Job 28:10; so also the two latter clauses in each verse correspond.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 7 Chapter Outline The psalmist prays to God to plead his cause, and judge for him.(1-9) He expresses confidence in God, and will give him the glory of his deliverance.(10-17) **Verses 1-9** David flees to God for succour. But Christ alone could call on Heaven to attest his uprightness in all things. All His works were wrought in righteousness; and the prince of this world...
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Let the enemy persecute my soul, and take it; yea, let him tread down my life upon the earth, and lay mine honour in the dust. Selah.

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KJV Study Commentary

The oath continues with severe self-imprecation: if guilty, may the enemy prevail completely. 'Tread down my life upon the earth' suggests being trampled, while 'lay mine honour in the dust' means total humiliation. 'Selah' marks a pause to contemplate this serious oath. This shows David's confidence in his innocence regarding these specific charges. Such oaths were binding and dangerous - one did...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **Let the enemy.**—Better, *let an enemy.* **Persecute.**—Literally, *burn. *(See Note on Psalm 10:2.) **Tread.**—Used of a potter treading the clay (Isaiah 41:25); of the trampling of horses (Ezekiel 26:11); of a herd trampling down their pasture (Ezekiel 34:28). **Dust.**—Either as Psalm 22:15, “the dust of death,” and if so, then *khabôd’.* **Honour **must be the soul or life, as plainly in...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

12. Can man discover the Divine Wisdom by which the world is governed, as he can the treasures hidden in the earth? Certainly not. Divine Wisdom is conceived as a person (Job 28:12-27) distinct from God (Job 28:23; also in Pr 8:23, 27). The Almighty Word, Jesus Christ, we know now, is that Wisdom. The order of the world was originated and is maintained by the breathing forth (Spirit) of Wisdom, un...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 7 Chapter Outline The psalmist prays to God to plead his cause, and judge for him.(1-9) He expresses confidence in God, and will give him the glory of his deliverance.(10-17) **Verses 1-9** David flees to God for succour. But Christ alone could call on Heaven to attest his uprightness in all things. All His works were wrought in righteousness; and the prince of this world...
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Arise, O LORD, in thine anger, lift up thyself because of the rage of mine enemies: and awake for me to the judgment that thou hast commanded.

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KJV Study Commentary

Having established his innocence, David now pleads for God's intervention. 'Arise' calls God to action from His seeming inactivity. 'In thine anger' requests that God's wrath be directed at the wicked, not David. 'Awake for me to the judgment that thou hast commanded' appeals to God's own commitment to justice. This teaches that God's people can appeal to His character and promises when seeking vi...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) In the rapid succession of abrupt utterance of feeling in ejaculations, we see the excitement of the poet’s mind. **Of the rage.**—Better, *against the rage, *unless we may correct to “in *thy *rage.” The LXX. and Vulg. read, “in the ends of,” which Jerome explains as meaning, “exalt thyself by making an end of my enemies.” Syriac, “Be thou lifted up upon the necks of my enemies.” **And awake ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

13. Man can fix no price upon it, as it is nowhere to be found in man's abode (Is 38:11). Job implies both its valuable worth, and the impossibility of buying it at any price.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 7 Chapter Outline The psalmist prays to God to plead his cause, and judge for him.(1-9) He expresses confidence in God, and will give him the glory of his deliverance.(10-17) **Verses 1-9** David flees to God for succour. But Christ alone could call on Heaven to attest his uprightness in all things. All His works were wrought in righteousness; and the prince of this world...
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So shall the congregation of the people compass thee about: for their sakes therefore return thou on high.

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KJV Study Commentary

David envisions God's enthronement surrounded by assembled nations. 'The congregation of the people compass thee about' pictures God presiding over universal judgment. 'Return thou on high' calls God to His throne to judge from His exalted position. This cosmic courtroom scene anticipates the final judgment when all nations will stand before God's throne (Revelation 20:11-15). David's confidence t...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **So shall.**—This clause is also in the optative: “let the communities of peoples be gathered round thee.” **For their sakes.**—Rather, *over or above it, *as in LXX. The poet has a vision of judgment. Jehovah summons the nations, arranges them at His tribunal, and then returns to His high throne to preside. This explanation is more consonant with the context (see next verse) than to suppose ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 7 Chapter Outline The psalmist prays to God to plead his cause, and judge for him.(1-9) He expresses confidence in God, and will give him the glory of his deliverance.(10-17) **Verses 1-9** David flees to God for succour. But Christ alone could call on Heaven to attest his uprightness in all things. All His works were wrought in righteousness; and the prince of this world...
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The LORD shall judge the people: judge me, O LORD, according to my righteousness, and according to mine integrity that is in me.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The LORD shall judge the people: judge me, O LORD, according to my righteousness, and according to mine integrity that is in me.</strong> This bold request reveals David's confidence in divine justice and his own conscience. The Hebrew word for "judge" (<em>yadin</em>, יָדִין) means to execute judgment, to act as arbiter, to vindicate or condemn. David isn't afraid of God's scrutiny; he ac...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **The Lord shall.**—Better, *Jehovah judgeth the nations. *Everything is complete, and the work of judgment begins. The poet prays that his sentence may be according to his own consciousness of righteousness and integrity. Of this plea of innocence Jerome says, “David could not say this; this properly belongs to the Saviour, who was sinless.” Others think it is the ideal Israel, which stands b...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

15. Not the usual word for "gold"; from a Hebrew root, "to shut up" with care; that is, purest gold (1Ki 6:20, Margin). **weighed--**The precious metals were weighed out before coining was known (Ge 23:16).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 7 Chapter Outline The psalmist prays to God to plead his cause, and judge for him.(1-9) He expresses confidence in God, and will give him the glory of his deliverance.(10-17) **Verses 1-9** David flees to God for succour. But Christ alone could call on Heaven to attest his uprightness in all things. All His works were wrought in righteousness; and the prince of this world...
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Oh let the wickedness of the wicked come to an end; but establish the just: for the righteous God trieth the hearts and reins.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Oh let the wickedness of the wicked come to an end; but establish the just: for the righteous God trieth the hearts and reins.</strong> This verse presents David's prayer for moral order in the world—that evil be stopped and righteousness be strengthened. The parallelism is striking: wickedness should end, justice should be established. This isn't vindictive prayer but a yearning for God's...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **Establish.**—Literally, *let him stand erect.* **For the righteous God trieth.**—Better, *thou trier of hearts and reins, thou just God. *The Hebrew word translated *try *is used, like it, for testing metals (Psalm 12:6; Proverbs 17:3).

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16. gold of Ophir--**the most precious (See on Job 22:24 and Psa 45:9). **onyx--**(Ge 2:12). More valued formerly than now. The term is Greek, meaning "thumb nail," from some resemblance in color. The Arabic denotes, of two colors, white preponderating.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 7 Chapter Outline The psalmist prays to God to plead his cause, and judge for him.(1-9) He expresses confidence in God, and will give him the glory of his deliverance.(10-17) **Verses 1-9** David flees to God for succour. But Christ alone could call on Heaven to attest his uprightness in all things. All His works were wrought in righteousness; and the prince of this world...
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My defence is of God, which saveth the upright in heart. My: Heb. My buckler is upon God

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KJV Study Commentary

David declares God as his defender, using military imagery. 'My defence' (Hebrew 'magen' - shield) depicts God as protective covering. 'Upright in heart' describes those whose inner character is straight and true - not sinless perfection but covenant integrity. This verse teaches that God defends those who maintain heart righteousness. While we must trust Christ's righteousness for salvation, genu...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **My defence.**—Literally, as in margin, *my shield is upon God. *(Comp. Psalm 62:7, “In God is my salvation,” where the Hebrew is as here, “God is my shield-bearer.”) Another explanation appears in Milton’s translation— “On God is cast My defence, and in Him lies, In Him who both just and wise, Saves the upright at heart at last.”

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17. crystal--**Or else glass, if then known, very costly. From a root, "to be transparent." **jewels--**rather, "vessels."

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 10-17** David is confident that he shall find God his powerful Saviour. The destruction of sinners may be prevented by their conversion; for it is threatened, If he turn not from his evil way, let him expect it will be his ruin. But amidst the threatenings of wrath, we have a gracious offer of mercy. God gives sinners warning of their danger, and space to repent, and prevent it. He is...
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God judgeth the righteous, and God is angry with the wicked every day. judgeth: or, is a righteous judge

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>God judgeth the righteous, and God is angry with the wicked every day.</strong> This verse presents a profound and often uncomfortable truth about God's character: His holiness requires both vindication of righteousness and opposition to wickedness. The structure is perfectly balanced—God's relationship to the righteous (He judges/vindicates them) parallels His relationship to the wicked (...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **God judgeth.**—The two clauses answer to each other; so the margin, “God is a righteous judge, and God avengeth every day.” LXX., “God is a just judge, and strong and longsuffering, not letting loose his anger every day.” Vulg., “Still is he not angry with the wicked?” Syriac, “God is the judge of righteousness. He is not angry every day.” It has been proposed to read *véal*—“and not”—inste...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

18. Red coral (Eze 27:16). **pearls--**literally, "what is frozen." Probably crystal; and Job 28:17 will then be glass. **rubies--**Umbreit translates "pearls" (see La 4:1; Pr 3:15). The Urim and Thummim, the means of consulting God by the twelve stones on the high priest's breastplate, "the stones of the sanctuary" (La 4:1), have their counterpart in this chapter; the precious stones symboliz...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 10-17** David is confident that he shall find God his powerful Saviour. The destruction of sinners may be prevented by their conversion; for it is threatened, If he turn not from his evil way, let him expect it will be his ruin. But amidst the threatenings of wrath, we have a gracious offer of mercy. God gives sinners warning of their danger, and space to repent, and prevent it. He is...
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If he turn not, he will whet his sword; he hath bent his bow, and made it ready.

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KJV Study Commentary

God's judgment is presented as conditional: 'If he turn not' provides opportunity for repentance, but persistence in evil brings swift judgment. The imagery of sharpening a sword and bending a bow depicts active preparation for destruction. This teaches that God's patience has limits - judgment delayed is not judgment denied. The weapons metaphor shows judgment is purposeful and prepared, not impu...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **If he turn not.**—The Hebrew is doubly idiomatic. Translate *surely *(see Hebrews 3:11, with Note in *New Testament Commentary*)*, He will again whet His sword. *It is true that the verb *to turn *in the sense of *repetition *usually precedes the other verb immediately, without, as here, any other words intervening. **Bent.**—Literally, *trodden, *showing that the foot was used by the Israe...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**19. Ethiopia--**Cush in the Hebrew. Either Ethiopia, or the south of Arabia, near the Tigris.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 10-17** David is confident that he shall find God his powerful Saviour. The destruction of sinners may be prevented by their conversion; for it is threatened, If he turn not from his evil way, let him expect it will be his ruin. But amidst the threatenings of wrath, we have a gracious offer of mercy. God gives sinners warning of their danger, and space to repent, and prevent it. He is...
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He hath also prepared for him the instruments of death; he ordaineth his arrows against the persecutors.

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KJV Study Commentary

The judgment preparation continues with 'instruments of death' and arrows 'ordained' (Hebrew 'pa'al' - made ready, prepared) for persecutors. This emphasizes God's sovereign control over judgment - nothing catches Him unprepared. The arrows represent precision judgment, not random destruction. God's judgment is both comprehensive (instruments of death) and specific (arrows against persecutors). Th...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **Instruments of death.**—That is, *deadly weapons.* **Against the persecutors.**—Literally, *for those burning; *so LXX. and Vulg. The meaning appears to be, “His arrows he makes into fiery arrows”—*i.e., *tips them with fire, by wrapping them in burning tow. Latin, *malleoli. *(Comp. Ephesians 6:16, with Note, in *New Testament Commentary.*) Milton’s “rattling storm of arrows barb’d with fi...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

20. Job 28:12 repeated with great force.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 10-17** David is confident that he shall find God his powerful Saviour. The destruction of sinners may be prevented by their conversion; for it is threatened, If he turn not from his evil way, let him expect it will be his ruin. But amidst the threatenings of wrath, we have a gracious offer of mercy. God gives sinners warning of their danger, and space to repent, and prevent it. He is...
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Behold, he travaileth with iniquity, and hath conceived mischief, and brought forth falsehood.

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KJV Study Commentary

This verse uses birth imagery to describe sin's progression. 'Travaileth' (labor pains), 'conceived,' and 'brought forth' show sin's development from internal corruption to external expression. 'Iniquity' is conceived, 'mischief' is carried, and 'falsehood' is born. This progression teaches that sin begins in the heart before manifesting in action. James 1:14-15 uses similar birth metaphor. The im...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **Behold, he travaileth.**—The poet’s thought recurs to the calumniator, whose sin has deserved all this Divine wrath, and he sees the truth that God’s judgments are not arbitrary, but follow naturally on sin as its consequence. The verb “travaileth” gives the general figure, which is elaborated in the two clauses which describe the stages of conception and pregnancy. (For the image, comp. Jo...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

21. None can tell whence or where, seeing it, &amp;c. **fowls--**The gift of divination was assigned by the heathen especially to birds. Their rapid flight heavenwards and keen sight originated the superstition. Job may allude to it. Not even the boasted divination of birds has an insight into it (Ec 10:20). But it may merely mean, as in Job 28:7, It escapes the eye of the most keen-sighted bird...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 10-17** David is confident that he shall find God his powerful Saviour. The destruction of sinners may be prevented by their conversion; for it is threatened, If he turn not from his evil way, let him expect it will be his ruin. But amidst the threatenings of wrath, we have a gracious offer of mercy. God gives sinners warning of their danger, and space to repent, and prevent it. He is...
Read full commentary →

He made a pit, and digged it, and is fallen into the ditch which he made. He made a pit: Heb. He hath digged a pit

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KJV Study Commentary

The principle of retributive justice: the wicked trap themselves. The imagery of digging a pit and falling into it appears throughout wisdom literature (Proverbs 26:27, Ecclesiastes 10:8). This isn't karma but God's judicial ordering where sin contains its own judgment. The wicked's schemes ultimately backfire, demonstrating God's justice. Haman's gallows, Pharaoh's sea, and Satan's cross all illu...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **He hath made.**—Better, *he digged a pit, and hollowed it out. *Milton: “He digged a pit, and delved it deep.” (15) **Pate.**—A word retained from Coverdale’s translation, and common in the Elizabethan age. In Shakespeare it is frequent— “My invention Comes from my pate, As bird-lime does from frieze.” For the moral, comp. 1Samuel 25:29. Psalm 7:15-16 are quoted by Eusebius of the overthrow...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

22. That is, the abodes of destruction and of the dead. "Death" put for Sheol (Job 30:23; 26:6; Psa 9:13). **We have [only] heard--**the report of her. We have not seen her. In the land of the living (Job 28:13) the workings of Wisdom are seen, though not herself. In the regions of the dead she is only heard of, her actings on nature not being seen (Ec 9:10).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 10-17** David is confident that he shall find God his powerful Saviour. The destruction of sinners may be prevented by their conversion; for it is threatened, If he turn not from his evil way, let him expect it will be his ruin. But amidst the threatenings of wrath, we have a gracious offer of mercy. God gives sinners warning of their danger, and space to repent, and prevent it. He is...
Read full commentary →

His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent dealing shall come down upon his own pate.

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KJV Study Commentary

The psalm concludes with the certainty of divine retribution. 'His mischief shall return upon his own head' emphasizes personal responsibility and appropriate judgment. The Hebrew 'rosh' (head) and 'qodqod' (pate/crown) stress that judgment comes on the person themselves, not innocent bystanders. This is poetic justice - the violent receive violence, the deceitful are deceived. Romans 2:9 affirms ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

23. God hath, and is Himself, wisdom.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 10-17** David is confident that he shall find God his powerful Saviour. The destruction of sinners may be prevented by their conversion; for it is threatened, If he turn not from his evil way, let him expect it will be his ruin. But amidst the threatenings of wrath, we have a gracious offer of mercy. God gives sinners warning of their danger, and space to repent, and prevent it. He is...
Read full commentary →

I will praise the LORD according to his righteousness: and will sing praise to the name of the LORD most high.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I will praise the LORD according to his righteousness: and will sing praise to the name of the LORD most high.</strong> This triumphant conclusion transforms the psalm from desperate plea to confident worship. Having poured out his complaints and appealed for divine justice, David now commits to praise—not because circumstances have necessarily changed, but because God's character remains ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

24. "Seeth (all that is) under," &amp;c.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 10-17** David is confident that he shall find God his powerful Saviour. The destruction of sinners may be prevented by their conversion; for it is threatened, If he turn not from his evil way, let him expect it will be his ruin. But amidst the threatenings of wrath, we have a gracious offer of mercy. God gives sinners warning of their danger, and space to repent, and prevent it. He is...
Read full commentary →

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