King James Version

What Does Romans 11:31 Mean?

Romans 11:31 in the King James Version says “Even so have these also now not believed, that through your mercy they also may obtain mercy. believed: or, obeyed — study this verse from Romans chapter 11 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Even so have these also now not believed, that through your mercy they also may obtain mercy. believed: or, obeyed

Romans 11:31 · KJV


Context

29

For the gifts and calling of God are without repentance.

30

For as ye in times past have not believed God, yet have now obtained mercy through their unbelief: believed: or, obeyed

31

Even so have these also now not believed, that through your mercy they also may obtain mercy. believed: or, obeyed

32

For God hath concluded them all in unbelief, that he might have mercy upon all. concluded: or, shut them all up together

33

O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! how unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past finding out!


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Even so have these also now not believed, that through your mercy they also may obtain mercyhoutōs kai houtoi nyn ēpeithēsan tō hymeterō eleei hina kai autoi nyn eleēthōsin (οὕτως καὶ οὗτοι νῦν ἠπείθησαν τῷ ὑμετέρῳ ἐλέει ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ [νῦν] ἐλεηθῶσιν). The parallelism is chiastic: Gentiles' past disobedience → mercy through Israel's unbelief; Israel's present disobedience → mercy through Gentiles' mercy. The phrase through your mercy (tō hymeterō eleei) is striking—Israel's future mercy comes through Gentile mercy.

This likely means: Gentile reception of mercy will provoke Israel to jealousy (vv. 11, 14), leading to their repentance and reception of mercy. The cycle of mercy is mutual and sequential: God used Israel's failure to bless Gentiles; He'll use Gentile blessing to restore Israel. The purpose clause that they also may obtain mercy (hina kai autoi eleēthōsin) expresses God's ultimate intent: Israel's salvation. Their present disobedience serves God's long-term redemptive purpose.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Paul envisions Gentile mercy provoking Israel to jealousy (vv. 11, 14). When Jews see Gentiles enjoying covenant blessings (forgiveness, Spirit, adoption), holy envy should arise, leading to faith in Jesus. Gentile faithfulness becomes evangelistic to Israel—a missional dynamic.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the mercy you've received from God become a means of mercy for Israel?
  2. What does it mean practically for Gentile Christians to provoke Israel to jealousy through mercy?
  3. How does this verse demonstrate God's comprehensive plan to show mercy to all people?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 12 words
οὕτως1 of 12

Even so

G3779

in this way (referring to what precedes or follows)

καὶ2 of 12

also

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

οὗτοι3 of 12

these

G3778

the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)

νῦν4 of 12

now

G3568

"now" (as adverb of date, a transition or emphasis); also as noun or adjective present or immediate

ἠπείθησαν5 of 12

have

G544

to disbelieve (wilfully and perversely)

τῷ6 of 12
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ὑμετέρῳ7 of 12

through your

G5212

yours, i.e., pertaining to you

ἐλέει8 of 12

mercy

G1656

compassion (human or divine, especially active)

ἵνα9 of 12

that

G2443

in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)

καὶ10 of 12

also

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

αὐτοὶ11 of 12

they

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἐλεηθῶσιν·12 of 12

may obtain mercy

G1653

to compassionate (by word or deed, specially, by divine grace)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 11:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 11:31 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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