King James Version

What Does Psalms 85:2 Mean?

Psalms 85:2 in the King James Version says “Thou hast forgiven the iniquity of thy people, thou hast covered all their sin. Selah. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 85 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Thou hast forgiven the iniquity of thy people, thou hast covered all their sin. Selah.

Psalms 85:2 · KJV


Context

1

To the chief Musician, A Psalm for the sons of Korah. LORD, thou hast been favourable unto thy land: thou hast brought back the captivity of Jacob. for the sons: or, of the sons favourable: or, well pleased

2

Thou hast forgiven the iniquity of thy people, thou hast covered all their sin. Selah.

3

Thou hast taken away all thy wrath: thou hast turned thyself from the fierceness of thine anger. thyself: or, thine anger from waxing hot

4

Turn us, O God of our salvation, and cause thine anger toward us to cease.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Thou hast forgiven the iniquity of thy people, thou hast covered all their sin. This verse celebrates God's past mercies as foundation for present petition. The perfect tense verbs indicate completed action—God HAS forgiven, HAS covered. The psalmist recounts history to ground current prayer in proven patterns of divine faithfulness. Nasa (נָשָׂא, "forgiven") literally means "to lift, carry away, bear"—God lifted the burden of iniquity from His people, removing sin's crushing weight.

"The iniquity of thy people" (avon amekha, עֲוֺן עַמֶּךָ) refers specifically to covenant community's sin. Avon (עָוֺן) denotes moral perversity, twisted behavior, guilt requiring punishment. This heavier term than mere chata (missing the mark) emphasizes deliberate rebellion against covenant obligations. Yet despite serious offense, God forgave—testimony to grace exceeding sin's magnitude.

"Thou hast covered all their sin" (kisita kol-chatam, כִּסִּיתָ כָּל־חַטָּאתָם) uses sacrificial imagery. Kasah (כָּסָה, "covered") appears in Leviticus regarding atonement—the sacrificial blood covered sin, hiding it from God's righteous gaze. The definite "all" emphasizes completeness—not partial forgiveness but comprehensive coverage. No sin remained exposed to divine wrath. This anticipates Christ's atonement, which covers believers' sins completely (1 John 1:7).

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Historical & Cultural Context

This verse likely references Israel's return from Babylonian exile (538 BC), when God restored the nation despite their covenant violations that precipitated judgment. The exile resulted from persistent idolatry, social injustice, and rejection of prophetic warnings (2 Kings 17:7-23, 24:1-4). Yet God's covenant faithfulness outlasted their unfaithfulness—after 70 years, He brought them home. This demonstrates the principle articulated in Lamentations 3:22-23: God's mercies are new every morning; His faithfulness is great. The language of covering sin recalls the Day of Atonement liturgy (Leviticus 16), where the high priest made atonement to cover Israel's sins annually. The psalm celebrates that God enacted this covering for the nation corporately.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does remembering God's past forgiveness strengthen faith when seeking current mercy?
  2. What is the difference between forgiveness (lifting away guilt) and covering (hiding sin from view), and how do both describe God's complete atonement?
  3. How does this verse's emphasis on God forgiving 'thy people' (corporate Israel) relate to individual believers' assurance of forgiveness in Christ?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
נָ֭שָׂאתָ1 of 7

Thou hast forgiven

H5375

to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative

עֲוֹ֣ן2 of 7

the iniquity

H5771

perversity, i.e., (moral) evil

עַמֶּ֑ךָ3 of 7

of thy people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

כִּסִּ֖יתָ4 of 7

thou hast covered

H3680

properly, to plump, i.e., fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy)

כָל5 of 7
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

חַטָּאתָ֣ם6 of 7

all their sin

H2403

an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender

סֶֽלָה׃7 of 7

Selah

H5542

suspension (of music), i.e., pause


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 85:2 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 85:2 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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