King James Version

What Does Psalms 109:16 Mean?

Psalms 109:16 in the King James Version says “Because that he remembered not to shew mercy, but persecuted the poor and needy man, that he might even slay the broken ... — study this verse from Psalms chapter 109 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Because that he remembered not to shew mercy, but persecuted the poor and needy man, that he might even slay the broken in heart.

Psalms 109:16 · KJV


Context

14

Let the iniquity of his fathers be remembered with the LORD; and let not the sin of his mother be blotted out.

15

Let them be before the LORD continually, that he may cut off the memory of them from the earth.

16

Because that he remembered not to shew mercy, but persecuted the poor and needy man, that he might even slay the broken in heart.

17

As he loved cursing, so let it come unto him: as he delighted not in blessing, so let it be far from him.

18

As he clothed himself with cursing like as with his garment, so let it come into his bowels like water, and like oil into his bones. into his bowels: Heb. within him


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Because that he remembered not to shew mercy (יַעַן אֲשֶׁר לֹא זָכַר עֲשׂוֹת חָסֶד, ya'an asher lo zachar asot chased)—this verse grounds the preceding curses. The enemy לֹא זָכַר (lo zachar, "did not remember") to do חֶסֶד (chesed, covenant loyalty). But persecuted the poor and needy man (וַיִּרְדֹּף אִישׁ־עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן, vayirdof ish-ani ve'evyon)—the verb רָדַף (radaf, "pursue, persecute") depicts hunting. עָנִי (ani, "poor, afflicted") and אֶבְיוֹן (evyon, "needy, destitute") are God's specially protected classes. That he might even slay the broken in heart (וְנִכְאֵה לֵבָב לְמוֹתֵת, venich'eh levav lemottet)—to kill (מוּת, mut) the נִכְאֵה לֵבָב (nich'eh levav, "broken in heart").

This verse provides the moral justification for imprecation. The enemy didn't commit minor offenses—he hunted the vulnerable whom God loves. Psalm 34:18 promises "The LORD is nigh unto them that are of a broken heart"; to slay such people is to attack God's beloved. James 1:27 defines pure religion as caring for widows and orphans; the opposite—exploiting them—merits severe judgment. David himself was עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן during his fugitive years; this prayer may be partially autobiographical.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Israelite law protected the poor, widow, orphan, and stranger with severe sanctions (Ex 22:22-24). Failure to show mercy violated the greatest commandment's second half (Lev 19:18). David's enemy committed not political opposition but covenant crimes warranting covenant curses.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's special protection of the broken-hearted inform His response to those who exploit them?
  2. What does "remembering to show mercy" suggest about mercy as a discipline requiring intentionality?
  3. How does James 1:27 challenge superficial religion divorced from advocacy for the vulnerable?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
יַ֗עַן1 of 13
H3282

properly, heed; by implication, purpose (sake or account); used adverbially to indicate the reason or cause

אֲשֶׁ֤ר׀2 of 13
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

לֹ֥א3 of 13
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

זָכַר֮4 of 13

Because that he remembered

H2142

properly, to mark (so as to be recognized), i.e., to remember; by implication, to mention; to be male

עֲשׂ֪וֹת5 of 13

not to shew

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

חָ֥סֶד6 of 13

mercy

H2617

kindness; by implication (towards god) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty

וַיִּרְדֹּ֡ף7 of 13

but persecuted

H7291

to run after (usually with hostile intent; figuratively [of time] gone by)

אִישׁ8 of 13

man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

עָנִ֣י9 of 13

the poor

H6041

depressed, in mind or circumstances

וְ֭אֶבְיוֹן10 of 13

and needy

H34

destitute

וְנִכְאֵ֨ה11 of 13

the broken

H3512

to despond; causatively, to deject

לֵבָ֬ב12 of 13

in heart

H3824

the heart (as the most interior organ)

לְמוֹתֵֽת׃13 of 13

that he might even slay

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 109:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 109:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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