King James Version

What Does Proverbs 31:18 Mean?

Proverbs 31:18 in the King James Version says “She perceiveth that her merchandise is good: her candle goeth not out by night. She: Heb. She tasteth — study this verse from Proverbs chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

She perceiveth that her merchandise is good: her candle goeth not out by night. She: Heb. She tasteth

Proverbs 31:18 · KJV


Context

16

She considereth a field, and buyeth it: with the fruit of her hands she planteth a vineyard. buyeth: Heb. taketh

17

She girdeth her loins with strength, and strengtheneth her arms.

18

She perceiveth that her merchandise is good: her candle goeth not out by night. She: Heb. She tasteth

19

She layeth her hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff.

20

She stretcheth out her hand to the poor; yea, she reacheth forth her hands to the needy. She: Heb. She spreadeth


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
She perceiveth that her merchandise is good (ta'amah ki-tov sachra)—The verb 'perceiveth' (ta'am) means to taste, discern, or have good judgment. This is the פ (pe) line of the acrostic. The eshet chayil is not merely industrious but discerning—she evaluates quality, understands market value, and takes satisfaction in excellent work. Sachar (merchandise/profit) appears throughout Proverbs to describe wisdom's value (3:14, 31:18).

Her candle goeth not out by night (lo-yichbeh balailah nerah)—The lamp burning through darkness symbolizes vigilance, provision, and prosperity (Job 18:6, 21:17). This is not workaholism but faithful stewardship—her household never lacks because she maintains productive rhythms. The lamp also suggests hospitality and security, marking a home of blessing.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

In ancient times, olive oil lamps required regular attention and adequate oil supply. A continuously burning lamp indicated both prosperity (sufficient oil) and vigilant household management. Night work, particularly textile production, extended productive hours and demonstrated commitment to family welfare.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you cultivate discernment to distinguish between good and mediocre work in your own labor?
  2. What does it mean for your 'lamp' to burn continually—not through anxious striving but through faithful stewardship?
  3. In what ways might you take legitimate satisfaction in work well done without falling into pride or self-sufficiency?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
טָ֭עֲמָה1 of 8

She perceiveth

H2938

to taste; figuratively, to perceive

כִּי2 of 8
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

ט֣וֹב3 of 8

is good

H2896

good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good

סַחְרָ֑הּ4 of 8

that her merchandise

H5504

profit (from trade)

לֹֽא5 of 8
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יִכְבֶּ֖ה6 of 8

goeth not out

H3518

to expire or (causatively) to extinguish (fire, light, anger)

בַלַּ֣יְלָ7 of 8

by night

H3915

properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e., night; figuratively, adversity

נֵרָֽהּ׃8 of 8

her candle

H5216

a lamp (i.e., the burner) or light (literally or figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Proverbs. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Proverbs 31:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Proverbs 31:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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