King James Version

What Does Proverbs 31:20 Mean?

Proverbs 31:20 in the King James Version says “She stretcheth out her hand to the poor; yea, she reacheth forth her hands to the needy. She: Heb. She spreadeth — study this verse from Proverbs chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

She stretcheth out her hand to the poor; yea, she reacheth forth her hands to the needy. She: Heb. She spreadeth

Proverbs 31:20 · KJV


Context

18

She perceiveth that her merchandise is good: her candle goeth not out by night. She: Heb. She tasteth

19

She layeth her hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff.

20

She stretcheth out her hand to the poor; yea, she reacheth forth her hands to the needy. She: Heb. She spreadeth

21

She is not afraid of the snow for her household: for all her household are clothed with scarlet. scarlet: or, double garments

22

She maketh herself coverings of tapestry; her clothing is silk and purple.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
She stretcheth out her hand to the poor; yea, she reacheth forth her hands to the needy—The ק (qoph) line shifts from industry to charity. The same hands that worked spindle and distaff (v.19) now extend to the ani (poor/afflicted) and evyon (needy/destitute). The parallel verbs (paresah—stretch out; shalchah—reach forth) emphasize active, intentional generosity, not passive goodwill.

This verse reveals that the eshet chayil's productivity serves purposes beyond family enrichment—her labor generates surplus for covenant mercy. Proverbs consistently links wisdom with care for the poor (14:31, 19:17, 22:9). Her economic competence doesn't breed selfish accumulation but generous distribution. True prosperity liberates for generosity; poverty of spirit hoards even in abundance.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Israelite society lacked institutional welfare systems, making personal and family charity essential for the poor's survival. The Law commanded provision for the poor through gleaning rights, sabbatical year releases, and direct generosity (Leviticus 19:9-10, Deuteronomy 15:7-11). The valiant woman embodies Torah's ethical vision.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does your labor create capacity for generosity toward those in need, or does productivity serve only self-interest?
  2. What is the relationship between economic competence and moral obligation to the poor in your understanding of stewardship?
  3. In what practical ways can you 'stretch out your hand' to the afflicted in your community this week?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 6 words
כַּ֭פָּהּ1 of 6

her hand

H3709

the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-

פָּרְשָׂ֣ה2 of 6

She stretcheth out

H6566

to break apart, disperse, etc

לֶעָנִ֑י3 of 6

to the poor

H6041

depressed, in mind or circumstances

וְ֝יָדֶ֗יהָ4 of 6

her hands

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

שִׁלְּחָ֥ה5 of 6

yea she reacheth forth

H7971

to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)

לָֽאֶבְיֽוֹן׃6 of 6

to the needy

H34

destitute


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Proverbs. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Proverbs 31:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Proverbs 31:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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