King James Version

What Does Proverbs 31:15 Mean?

Proverbs 31:15 in the King James Version says “She riseth also while it is yet night, and giveth meat to her household, and a portion to her maidens. — study this verse from Proverbs chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

She riseth also while it is yet night, and giveth meat to her household, and a portion to her maidens.

Proverbs 31:15 · KJV


Context

13

She seeketh wool, and flax, and worketh willingly with her hands.

14

She is like the merchants' ships; she bringeth her food from afar.

15

She riseth also while it is yet night, and giveth meat to her household, and a portion to her maidens.

16

She considereth a field, and buyeth it: with the fruit of her hands she planteth a vineyard. buyeth: Heb. taketh

17

She girdeth her loins with strength, and strengtheneth her arms.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
She riseth also while it is yet night—The Hebrew b'od lailah (בְּעוֹד לַיְלָה, while still night) describes rising before dawn. Giveth meat to her household uses teref (טֶרֶף, prey/food), originally referring to a hunter's catch—provision through effort. And a portion to her maidens (וְחֹק לְנַעֲרֹתֶיהָ, v'choq l'na'aroteha) shows justice—choq (חֹק, portion/statute) implies not leftovers but prescribed, fair allocation.

This images God who 'rises early' (Jeremiah 7:13, 25) to send prophets—divine diligence for His household. Leadership means sacrificial service (Mark 10:44-45). Christ the Good Shepherd rises to feed His flock, giving not just provision but Himself (John 10:11). The virtuous woman's pre-dawn rising rebukes both sloth and self-serving leadership that hoards rather than distributes resources justly.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern households rose at dawn for agricultural work. Rising 'while yet night' demonstrates extraordinary diligence. Including servants ('maidens') in provision reflects covenant justice—employees were part of the household, not disposable labor (Deuteronomy 24:14-15).

Reflection Questions

  1. What does 'rising while it is yet night' look like in your leadership—are you sacrificially serving those in your care?
  2. How does giving a 'portion to maidens' (just treatment of employees/those you lead) reflect God's justice versus exploitative labor?
  3. In what ways does Christ's sacrificial provision ('I am the bread of life,' John 6:35) challenge your approach to leadership and stewardship?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
וַתָּ֤קָם׀1 of 8

She riseth

H6965

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

בְּע֬וֹד2 of 8
H5750

properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more

לַ֗יְלָה3 of 8

also while it is yet night

H3915

properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e., night; figuratively, adversity

וַתִּתֵּ֣ן4 of 8

and giveth

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

טֶ֣רֶף5 of 8

meat

H2964

something torn, i.e., a fragment, e.g., a fresh leaf, prey, food

לְבֵיתָ֑הּ6 of 8

to her household

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

וְ֝חֹ֗ק7 of 8

and a portion

H2706

an enactment; hence, an appointment (of time, space, quantity, labor or usage)

לְנַעֲרֹתֶֽיהָ׃8 of 8

to her maidens

H5291

a girl (from infancy to adolescence)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Proverbs. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Proverbs 31:15 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Proverbs 31:15 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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