King James Version

What Does Proverbs 21:1 Mean?

Proverbs 21:1 in the King James Version says “The king's heart is in the hand of the LORD, as the rivers of water: he turneth it whithersoever he will. — study this verse from Proverbs chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

The king's heart is in the hand of the LORD, as the rivers of water: he turneth it whithersoever he will.

Proverbs 21:1 · KJV


Context

1

The king's heart is in the hand of the LORD, as the rivers of water: he turneth it whithersoever he will.

2

Every way of a man is right in his own eyes: but the LORD pondereth the hearts.

3

To do justice and judgment is more acceptable to the LORD than sacrifice.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This proverb asserts God's sovereignty over human rulers: 'The king's heart is in the hand of the LORD, as the rivers of water: he turneth it whithersoever he will.' Even the king—possessing supreme human authority—has his heart controlled by God. The metaphor of irrigation channels is instructive: as farmers direct water flow through channels for crop irrigation, so God directs kings' hearts toward His purposes. This doesn't negate human will but affirms divine sovereignty over it. God accomplishes His purposes even through rulers' decisions, whether those rulers acknowledge Him or not. This provides comfort that no human authority operates beyond God's control and that His plans will prevail despite human opposition.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern kings claimed absolute authority, often declaring themselves divine or divinely appointed. Against this, Proverbs insists that even kings serve God's purposes whether they recognize it or not. Biblical examples abound: Pharaoh's hard heart served God's glory (Exodus 9:16), Cyrus fulfilled prophecy unknowingly (Isaiah 44:28), Nebuchadnezzar learned God's sovereignty through humiliation (Daniel 4:34-35). This truth sustained Israel under foreign rule and sustains Christians under ungodly governments today.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does knowing that God sovereignly controls rulers' hearts provide comfort when you face unjust or ungodly government?
  2. In what ways should God's sovereignty over authorities affect your prayers for government leaders?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
פַּלְגֵי1 of 11

as the rivers

H6388

a rill (i.e., small channel of water, as in irrigation)

מַ֣יִם2 of 11

of water

H4325

water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen

לֶב3 of 11

heart

H3820

the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything

מֶ֭לֶךְ4 of 11

The king's

H4428

a king

בְּיַד5 of 11

is in the hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

יְהוָ֑ה6 of 11

of the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

עַֽל7 of 11
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

כָּל8 of 11
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אֲשֶׁ֖ר9 of 11
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יַחְפֹּ֣ץ10 of 11

it whithersoever he will

H2654

properly, to incline to; by implication (literally but rarely) to bend; figuratively, to be pleased with, desire

יַטֶּֽנּוּ׃11 of 11

he turneth

H5186

to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Proverbs. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Proverbs 21:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Proverbs 21:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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