King James Version

What Does Matthew 5:33 Mean?

Matthew 5:33 in the King James Version says “Again, ye have heard that it hath been said by them of old time, Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto... — study this verse from Matthew chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Again, ye have heard that it hath been said by them of old time, Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths:

Matthew 5:33 · KJV


Context

31

It hath been said , Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement:

32

But I say unto you, That whosoever shall put away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, causeth her to commit adultery: and whosoever shall marry her that is divorced committeth adultery.

33

Again, ye have heard that it hath been said by them of old time, Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths:

34

But I say unto you, Swear not at all; neither by heaven; for it is God's throne:

35

Nor by the earth; for it is his footstool : neither by Jerusalem; for it is the city of the great King.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus addresses oath-taking, which Jewish law regulated carefully. Oaths invoked God's name or substitutes to guarantee truthfulness. But the practice had become corrupted—people used lesser oaths they felt free to break while claiming only God-oaths were truly binding.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Third Commandment prohibited taking God's name in vain. Jewish tradition developed elaborate rules about which oaths were binding. Some teachers said oaths 'by heaven' or 'by Jerusalem' were non-binding, creating loopholes for dishonesty.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do we create 'loopholes' in our speech to justify dishonesty or exaggeration?
  2. What does the need for oaths reveal about human untrustworthiness?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 15 words
Πάλιν1 of 15

Again

G3825

(adverbially) anew, i.e., (of place) back, (of time) once more, or (conjunctionally) furthermore or on the other hand

ἠκούσατε2 of 15

ye have heard

G191

to hear (in various senses)

ὅτι3 of 15

that

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

ἐῤῥέθη4 of 15

it hath been said

G4483

to utter, i.e., speak or say

τοῖς5 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀρχαίοις6 of 15

by them of old time

G744

original or primeval

Οὐκ7 of 15

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

ἐπιορκήσεις8 of 15

Thou shalt

G1964

to commit perjury

ἀποδώσεις9 of 15

shalt perform

G591

to give away, i.e., up, over, back, etc. (in various applications)

δὲ10 of 15

but

G1161

but, and, etc

τῷ11 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κυρίῳ12 of 15

unto the Lord

G2962

supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)

τοὺς13 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ὅρκους14 of 15

oaths

G3727

a limit, i.e., (sacred) restraint (specially, an oath)

σου15 of 15

thine

G4675

of thee, thy


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 5:33 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 5:33 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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