King James Version

What Does Matthew 5:34 Mean?

Matthew 5:34 in the King James Version says “But I say unto you, Swear not at all; neither by heaven; for it is God's throne: — study this verse from Matthew chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But I say unto you, Swear not at all; neither by heaven; for it is God's throne:

Matthew 5:34 · KJV


Context

32

But I say unto you, That whosoever shall put away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, causeth her to commit adultery: and whosoever shall marry her that is divorced committeth adultery.

33

Again, ye have heard that it hath been said by them of old time, Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths:

34

But I say unto you, Swear not at all; neither by heaven; for it is God's throne:

35

Nor by the earth; for it is his footstool : neither by Jerusalem; for it is the city of the great King.

36

Neither shalt thou swear by thy head, because thou canst not make one hair white or black.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus forbids oath-taking altogether among His disciples. Why? Because heaven is God's throne—you can't invoke it without invoking Him. All reality belongs to God, so every oath ultimately invokes Him whether intentionally or not. Better to simply be truthful always.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Swearing 'by heaven' was a common Jewish practice meant to avoid directly using God's name. Jesus exposes this as false reasoning: heaven is God's throne, so invoking heaven invokes God. There's no neutral ground in God's universe.

Reflection Questions

  1. How can you cultivate such consistent honesty that oaths become unnecessary?
  2. What does it mean that all reality is so connected to God that we can't speak without reference to Him?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 16 words
ἐγὼ1 of 16

I

G1473

i, me

δὲ2 of 16

But

G1161

but, and, etc

λέγω3 of 16

say

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

ὑμῖν4 of 16

unto you

G5213

to (with or by) you

μὴ5 of 16

not

G3361

(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether

ὀμόσαι6 of 16

Swear

G3660

to swear, i.e., take (or declare on) oath

ὅλως·7 of 16

at all

G3654

completely, i.e., altogether; (by analogy), everywhere; (negatively) not by any means

μήτε8 of 16

neither

G3383

not too, i.e., (in continued negation) neither or nor; also, not even

ἐν9 of 16

by

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

τῷ10 of 16
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

οὐρανῷ11 of 16

heaven

G3772

the sky; by extension, heaven (as the abode of god); by implication, happiness, power, eternity; specially, the gospel (christianity)

ὅτι12 of 16

for

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

θρόνος13 of 16

throne

G2362

a stately seat ("throne"); by implication, power or (concretely) a potentate

ἐστὶν14 of 16

it is

G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

τοῦ15 of 16
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Θεοῦ16 of 16

God's

G2316

a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 5:34 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 5:34 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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