King James Version

What Does Matthew 21:13 Mean?

Matthew 21:13 in the King James Version says “And said unto them, It is written, My house shall be called the house of prayer; but ye have made it a den of thieves. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And said unto them, It is written, My house shall be called the house of prayer; but ye have made it a den of thieves.

Matthew 21:13 · KJV


Context

11

And the multitude said, This is Jesus the prophet of Nazareth of Galilee.

12

And Jesus went into the temple of God, and cast out all them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves,

13

And said unto them, It is written, My house shall be called the house of prayer; but ye have made it a den of thieves.

14

And the blind and the lame came to him in the temple; and he healed them.

15

And when the chief priests and scribes saw the wonderful things that he did, and the children crying in the temple, and saying, Hosanna to the Son of David; they were sore displeased,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus' rebuke 'It is written, My house shall be called the house of prayer; but ye have made it a den of thieves' combines Isaiah 56:7 and Jeremiah 7:11, condemning the temple's corruption. God intended the temple as a place of prayer (worship, communion with God); instead, it became a marketplace where money-changers and merchants extorted worshipers. 'Den of thieves' means a hideout where robbers retreat—the religious establishment used God's house for profit while maintaining external piety.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The temple's outer court (Court of Gentiles) was designated for Gentile worship—filling it with commercial activity excluded Gentiles from prayer space. Money-changers exchanged Roman coins (bearing Caesar's image, considered idolatrous) for temple currency at exorbitant rates. Jesus' cleansing asserted His authority over the temple and its worship.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do religious practices or traditions obscure genuine worship in your life?
  2. What needs cleansing in your personal 'temple' (heart) to restore prayer's primacy?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 16 words
καὶ1 of 16

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

λέγει2 of 16

said

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

αὐτὸν3 of 16

unto them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Γέγραπται4 of 16

It is written

G1125

to "grave", especially to write; figuratively, to describe

5 of 16
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

οἶκος6 of 16

house

G3624

a dwelling (more or less extensive, literal or figurative); by implication, a family (more or less related, literally or figuratively)

μου7 of 16

My

G3450

of me

οἶκος8 of 16

house

G3624

a dwelling (more or less extensive, literal or figurative); by implication, a family (more or less related, literally or figuratively)

προσευχῆς9 of 16

of prayer

G4335

prayer (worship); by implication, an oratory (chapel)

κληθήσεται10 of 16

shall be called

G2564

to "call" (properly, aloud, but used in a variety of applications, directly or otherwise)

ὑμεῖς11 of 16

ye

G5210

you (as subjective of verb)

δὲ12 of 16

but

G1161

but, and, etc

αὐτὸν13 of 16

unto them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἐποιήσατε14 of 16

have made

G4160

to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)

σπήλαιον15 of 16

it a den

G4693

a cavern; by implication, a hiding-place or resort

λῃστῶν16 of 16

of thieves

G3027

a brigand


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 21:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 21:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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