King James Version

What Does Matthew 20:9 Mean?

Matthew 20:9 in the King James Version says “And when they came that were hired about the eleventh hour, they received every man a penny. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And when they came that were hired about the eleventh hour, they received every man a penny.

Matthew 20:9 · KJV


Context

7

They say unto him, Because no man hath hired us. He saith unto them, Go ye also into the vineyard; and whatsoever is right, that shall ye receive.

8

So when even was come, the lord of the vineyard saith unto his steward, Call the labourers, and give them their hire, beginning from the last unto the first.

9

And when they came that were hired about the eleventh hour, they received every man a penny.

10

But when the first came, they supposed that they should have received more; and they likewise received every man a penny.

11

And when they had received it, they murmured against the goodman of the house,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And when they came that were hired about the eleventh hour, they received every man a penny (καὶ ἐλθόντες οἱ περὶ τὴν ἑνδεκάτην ὥραν ἔλαβον ἀνὰ δηνάριον, kai elthontes hoi peri tēn hendekatēn hōran elabon ana dēnarion)—The denarius (δηνάριον, dēnarion) was a full day's wage for agricultural labor, sufficient for a family's daily needs. The eleventh-hour workers receive not a proportional fraction (one-twelfth of a day's pay) but full recompense, illustrating grace's scandalous generosity.

This payment reveals a crucial theological principle: Kingdom reward is not wages earned but gift received. The verb λαμβάνω (lambanō, to receive) emphasizes receptivity, not achievement. These workers model salvation by grace—those who contribute least yet receive full covenant blessing through trusting the master's righteousness (v. 7). Their one-hour labor pictures faith's minimal contribution compared to grace's infinite provision.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

A denarius could purchase approximately 10-12 loaves of bread, barely adequate for a laborer's family. First-century audiences would recognize that receiving a full day's wage for one hour's work was extraordinary generosity. This parable challenged Jewish assumptions that covenant longevity and Torah obedience earned proportionally greater reward, anticipating Gentile inclusion on equal terms through faith.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the full denarius given to eleventh-hour workers challenge your intuitive sense of fairness, and what does that reveal about residual merit-based thinking?
  2. What does this verse teach about the sufficiency of salvation—that those who believe at life's end receive full eternal life, not a diminished version?
  3. In what ways does this parable confront spiritual pride in long-time believers who view themselves as more deserving than recent converts?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 10 words
καὶ1 of 10

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐλθόντες2 of 10

when they came

G2064

to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

οἱ3 of 10
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

περὶ4 of 10

that were hired about

G4012

properly, through (all over), i.e., around; figuratively with respect to; used in various applications, of place, cause or time (with the genitive cas

τὴν5 of 10
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἑνδεκάτην6 of 10

the eleventh

G1734

eleventh

ὥραν7 of 10

hour

G5610

an "hour" (literally or figuratively)

ἔλαβον8 of 10

they received

G2983

while g0138 is more violent, to seize or remove))

ἀνὰ9 of 10

every man

G303

properly, up; but (by extension) used (distributively) severally, or (locally) at (etc.)

δηνάριον10 of 10

a penny

G1220

a denarius (or ten asses)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 20:9 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 20:9 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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