King James Version

What Does Matthew 13:39 Mean?

Matthew 13:39 in the King James Version says “The enemy that sowed them is the devil; the harvest is the end of the world; and the reapers are the angels. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 13 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

The enemy that sowed them is the devil; the harvest is the end of the world; and the reapers are the angels.

Matthew 13:39 · KJV


Context

37

He answered and said unto them, He that soweth the good seed is the Son of man;

38

The field is the world; the good seed are the children of the kingdom; but the tares are the children of the wicked one;

39

The enemy that sowed them is the devil; the harvest is the end of the world; and the reapers are the angels.

40

As therefore the tares are gathered and burned in the fire; so shall it be in the end of this world.

41

The Son of man shall send forth his angels, and they shall gather out of his kingdom all things that offend, and them which do iniquity; things: or, scandals


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The enemy that sowed them is the devil (ὁ ἐχθρὸς ὁ σπείρας αὐτά ἐστιν ὁ διάβολος, ho echthros ho speiras auta estin ho diabolos)—Satan is the counter-sower, deliberately planting false believers to infiltrate and confuse the kingdom. The harvest is the end of the world (συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος, synteleia tou aiōnos—'the consummation of the age'). The reapers are the angels (θερισταί εἰσιν ἄγγελοι, theristai eisin angeloi)—God's appointed agents of final separation.

This establishes eschatological framework: judgment is certain, but delayed. The coexistence of wheat and tares is temporary, ending at Christ's return. Angels as reapers (cf. Matthew 13:41, 24:31) emphasizes divine, not human, execution of final judgment. Satan's work is real but limited—he can counterfeit but not prevent God's harvest.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Jesus spoke this during His earthly ministry (AD 30-33), but His teaching points forward to the Parousia (Second Coming). The early church wrestled with false teachers and apostates (1 John 2:19, Jude 4), finding comfort in this parable's assurance of eventual divine sorting.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does recognizing Satan as an active 'counter-sower' change your understanding of false teaching and apostasy in church history?
  2. Why might God sovereignly permit the devil to sow tares rather than supernaturally preventing all counterfeits?
  3. How should the certainty of angelic harvest at history's end affect your patience with imperfect church situations today?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 21 words
1 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δὲ2 of 21

and

G1161

but, and, etc

ἐχθρὸς3 of 21

The enemy

G2190

hateful (passively, odious, or actively, hostile); usually as a noun, an adversary (especially satan)

4 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

σπείρας5 of 21

that sowed

G4687

to scatter, i.e., sow (literally or figuratively)

αὐτά6 of 21

them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἐστιν7 of 21

is

G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

8 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

διάβολος9 of 21

the devil

G1228

a traducer; specially, satan (compare h7854)

10 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δὲ11 of 21

and

G1161

but, and, etc

θερισμὸς12 of 21

the harvest

G2326

reaping, i.e., the crop

συντέλεια13 of 21

the end

G4930

entire completion, i.e., consummation (of a dispensation)

τοῦ14 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

αἰῶνός15 of 21

of the world

G165

properly, an age; by extension, perpetuity (also past); by implication, the world; specially (jewish) a messianic period (present or future)

ἐστιν16 of 21

is

G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

οἱ17 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δὲ18 of 21

and

G1161

but, and, etc

θερισταὶ19 of 21

the reapers

G2327

a harvester

ἄγγελοί20 of 21

the angels

G32

compare g0034) (to bring tidings); a messenger; especially an "angel"; by implication, a pastor

εἰσιν21 of 21

are

G1526

they are


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 13:39 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 13:39 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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