King James Version

What Does Mark 13:35 Mean?

Mark 13:35 in the King James Version says “Watch ye therefore: for ye know not when the master of the house cometh, at even, or at midnight, or at the cockcrowing,... — study this verse from Mark chapter 13 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Watch ye therefore: for ye know not when the master of the house cometh, at even, or at midnight, or at the cockcrowing, or in the morning:

Mark 13:35 · KJV


Context

33

Take ye heed, watch and pray: for ye know not when the time is.

34

For the Son of man is as a man taking a far journey, who left his house, and gave authority to his servants, and to every man his work, and commanded the porter to watch.

35

Watch ye therefore: for ye know not when the master of the house cometh, at even, or at midnight, or at the cockcrowing, or in the morning:

36

Lest coming suddenly he find you sleeping.

37

And what I say unto you I say unto all, Watch.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Watch ye therefore: for ye know not when the master of the house cometh—The imperative grēgoreite (γρηγορεῖτε, 'watch/stay awake') appears repeatedly in this discourse (vv. 33, 35, 37), the keynote of eschatological ethics. Jesus lists four Roman watch-periods: opsios (ὀψίος, evening, 6-9 PM), mesonyktion (μεσονύκτιον, midnight, 9 PM-12 AM), alektorophōnias (ἀλεκτοροφωνίας, cockcrow, 12-3 AM), and prōi (πρωΐ, morning, 3-6 AM).

The four watches structure monastic prayer (Lauds, Matins, etc.) and symbolize comprehensive vigilance—the Master may return at any hour. The phrase ouk oidate (οὐκ οἴδατε, 'you do not know') echoes verse 32's divine sovereignty over timing. This uncertainty is purposeful: it keeps believers in constant readiness rather than calculating schedules. The verb grēgoreō implies spiritual alertness, not mere sleeplessness—actively engaging kingdom work, not passive waiting.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Roman military watches governed nighttime security. Guards found sleeping at post faced death (Acts 12:19). Mark's Roman audience would grasp the life-or-death stakes of vigilance. The four watches also recall Jewish three-watch system (Exodus 14:24, Judges 7:19), showing Jesus bridges Jewish and Gentile contexts. Early Christian worship included all-night vigils, practicing literal watchfulness anticipating Christ's return.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does 'watching' look like practically in your daily life—how do you maintain spiritual alertness?
  2. How does uncertainty about Christ's return timing cultivate holy urgency without anxious calculation?
  3. In which 'watch' of life (youth, middle age, old age, death) might you be tempted to let down your guard?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
γρηγορεῖτε1 of 18

Watch ye

G1127

to keep awake, i.e., watch (literally or figuratively)

οὖν·2 of 18

therefore

G3767

(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly

οὐκ3 of 18

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

οἴδατε4 of 18

ye know

G1492

used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl

γὰρ5 of 18

for

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

πότε6 of 18

when

G4219

interrogative adverb, at what time

7 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κύριος8 of 18

the master

G2962

supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)

τῆς9 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

οἰκίας10 of 18

of the house

G3614

properly, residence (abstractly), but usually (concretely) an abode (literally or figuratively); by implication, a family (especially domestics)

ἔρχεται11 of 18

cometh

G2064

to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

ὀψὲ12 of 18

at even

G3796

(adverbially) late in the day; by extension, after the close of the day

13 of 18

or

G2228

disjunctive, or; comparative, than

μεσονυκτίου,14 of 18

at midnight

G3317

midnight (especially as a watch)

15 of 18

or

G2228

disjunctive, or; comparative, than

ἀλεκτοροφωνίας16 of 18

at the cockcrowing

G219

cock-crow, i.e., the third night-watch

17 of 18

or

G2228

disjunctive, or; comparative, than

πρωΐ18 of 18

in the morning

G4404

at dawn; by implication, the day-break watch


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Mark. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Mark 13:35 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Mark 13:35 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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