King James Version

What Does Luke 21:10 Mean?

Luke 21:10 in the King James Version says “Then said he unto them, Nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom: — study this verse from Luke chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Then said he unto them, Nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom:

Luke 21:10 · KJV


Context

8

And he said, Take heed that ye be not deceived: for many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ; and the time draweth near: go ye not therefore after them. and the time: or, and, The time

9

But when ye shall hear of wars and commotions, be not terrified: for these things must first come to pass; but the end is not by and by.

10

Then said he unto them, Nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom:

11

And great earthquakes shall be in divers places, and famines, and pestilences; and fearful sights and great signs shall there be from heaven.

12

But before all these, they shall lay their hands on you, and persecute you, delivering you up to the synagogues, and into prisons, being brought before kings and rulers for my name's sake.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Then said he unto them, Nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom: Jesus specifies the conflicts mentioned previously: egerthēsetai ethnos eph' ethnos kai basileia epi basileian (ἐγερθήσεται ἔθνος ἐφ' ἔθνος καὶ βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν, 'nation will rise against nation and kingdom against kingdom'). This Hebrew idiom (found in Isaiah 19:2) indicates widespread, international conflict—not isolated skirmishes but regional or global warfare. The phrase suggests escalation and multiplication of conflicts.

The passive voice egerthēsetai (ἐγερθήσεται, 'will be raised up') may carry theological significance: God sovereignly permits or ordains these conflicts within His providential plan. Human sin produces war, yet God incorporates even human evil into His purposes. International conflict characterizes the age between Christ's ascension and return—what Augustine called the saeculum, the 'present evil age.' Wars don't indicate God's absence but fallen humanity's rebellion and the preliminary birth pangs before the new creation emerges.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The phrase 'nation against nation, kingdom against kingdom' would recall prophetic warnings of judgment (Isaiah 19:2, 2 Chronicles 15:6). First-century hearers experienced this literally. The Jewish Revolt against Rome (AD 66-73) devastated Judea. Roman civil wars followed Nero's suicide (AD 68). Parthian conflicts threatened eastern borders. The Pax Romana, though relatively stable, required constant military action to maintain. Early Christians witnessed exactly what Jesus predicted—ongoing international conflicts throughout the church age, not just at the end. Church history confirms this pattern: every century has seen wars. The twentieth century witnessed two world wars and countless regional conflicts. The pattern continues, fulfilling Jesus' prophecy.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the phrase 'nation shall rise against nation' reveal about the ongoing nature of conflict in fallen human history?
  2. How should Christians understand war theologically—as outside God's sovereignty or somehow incorporated into His purposes?
  3. Why is it significant that Jesus presents international conflict as characteristic of the entire age, not just the end times?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 11 words
Τότε1 of 11

Then

G5119

the when, i.e., at the time that (of the past or future, also in consecution)

ἔλεγεν2 of 11

said he

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

αὐτοῖς3 of 11

unto them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Ἐγερθήσεται4 of 11

shall rise

G1453

to waken (transitively or intransitively), i.e., rouse (literally, from sleep, from sitting or lying, from disease, from death; or figuratively, from

ἔθνος5 of 11

Nation

G1484

a race (as of the same habit), i.e., a tribe; specially, a foreign (non-jewish) one (usually, by implication, pagan)

ἐπὶ6 of 11

against

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

ἔθνος7 of 11

Nation

G1484

a race (as of the same habit), i.e., a tribe; specially, a foreign (non-jewish) one (usually, by implication, pagan)

καὶ8 of 11

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

βασιλείαν9 of 11

kingdom

G932

properly, royalty, i.e., (abstractly) rule, or (concretely) a realm (literally or figuratively)

ἐπὶ10 of 11

against

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

βασιλείαν11 of 11

kingdom

G932

properly, royalty, i.e., (abstractly) rule, or (concretely) a realm (literally or figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 21:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 21:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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